兔胸乳突肌解剖学特点及肌性斜颈模型的建立

目的　研究兔胸乳突肌的位置、形态及其与周围结构的毗邻关系，建立简便，易重复的兔肌性斜颈动物模型。 方法　对20只新西兰大白兔颈部分层解剖，观察并测量肌束与颈外静脉、颈总动脉、迷走神经及气管间的位置关系。用三种硬化剂按不同浓度分别注射胸乳突肌上中下段，评估最优的造模方法。并计算出安全注射范围的位置和面积，确定其体表投影。 结果　用0.75ml/kg的无水酒精注入下段胸乳突肌造模效果最优。注射区域的体表投影为胸骨端上缘外斜18°角的一个高约2.3 cm、宽约0.85 cm，面积约2 cm2的近似平行四边形区域。 结论　本实验为建立兔肌性斜颈动物模型提供应用解剖学基础，有效的提高造模成功率。

Anatomical characteristics of rabbit sternocleidomastoid muscle and establishment of congenital torticollis model

Objective To study the position, morphology and adjacent structures of the rabbit sternocleidomastoid muscle, and establish a rabbit model of congenital torticollis. Methods Twenty New Zealand white rabbits were used in this study,which were dissected for observation of the anatomic relationship of the sternocleidomastoid muscle with surrounded vessels and nerve. Different hardening agents were injected in different segments of sternocleidomastoid muscle to evaluate the optimal model making method. Then the range of injection above the surface was estimated. Results The best project was 0.75ml/kg anhydrous alcohol injected into the lower segment of sternocleidomastoid muscle. The range was an approximate 2 cm2 parallelogram areas, a nearly 18 degree angle of the upper part of the sternum, with a height of about 2.3 cm and a width of about 0.85 cm. Conclusion　This experiment provides an anatomical basis for establishment of congenital torticollis model, and effectively improves the success rate of modeling.