入境船舶放射性有害因子检测与处置研究

目的 建立健全入境船舶放射性有害因子检测与处置的技术方法,并可以在实际工作中得以应用和检验.方法 通过对日本核泄漏事件中盐田口岸入境船舶放射性有害因子检测与处置工作中采用的技术方法的回顾和总结,建立有效的技术模型.结果 对入境船舶放射性有害因子检测与处置的技术方法,核心内容一是,在检测上,对所有来自和途经核泄漏国家/地区的入境船舶及其所载集装箱均实施登轮检疫；检测工作在登轮后第一时间进行；检测重点包括船舶甲板及集装箱、船员生活区、船舶垃圾存放区等部位.二是,在结果判定上,规定以任一检测部位数据剂量当量率超过本底值3倍以上的,为放射性异常；大于或等于1 μSv/h的,为超标.三是,在应急处理上,根据船舶甲板、集装箱、船舶垃圾、船员等不同污染情况,分别采取不同处理措施,直至监督离境.结论 开展对入境船舶放射性有害因子检测与处置,经在核泄漏事件中实践证明,是科学有效的,对今后工作的开展具有重要的借鉴意义.

Research of inspection and disposal for harmful factors of radioactivity on entry international vessels

Objective This article aims to establish and improve the technical methods of inspection and disposal for harmful factors of radioactivity on entry international vessels, which can be applied and tested in practice. Methods Based on the review and summarization of the inspection and disposal methods for harmful radioactivity factors on entry international vessels in Yantian Port during the period of Japanese nuclear leakage accident , effective technology models are established. Results Core concepts of inspection and disposal methods for harmful radioactivity factors on entry international vessels include Inspection ： containers should be quarantined on aboard if ships from or passing through countries or regions where nuclear leakage accident happened. Quarantine should be performed at first time after going on board. Inspections should be focused on deck , containers, living quarters for seamen and garbage room . Judgment of results： Inspections data shall not exceed three times the background value, or it should be adjudged radioactive anomaly. When the date is greater than or equal to 1 μSv/h, the radioactivity is out of limits. Emergency response ： Different treatment measures are taken according to the different pollution conditions of ship deck, containers, garbage and seamen until the vessel leaves under the supervision. Conclusion Experience in the nuclear leakage accident showed it is scientific and effective to implement the action of the technical methods of inspection and disposal for harmful factors of radioactivity on entry international ocean vessels. And it provides an important reference for the future work.