显示中耳和内耳细微结构的标准化标本制作方法

目的 探索显示中耳和内耳细微结构直视标本的标准化制作方法。 方法 使用人颞骨材料，在颅内和颅底面画出标准锯路的标志线，选择细齿窄条钢弓锯，沿标志线锯开颞骨显示中耳结构。再用手握式玉石磨钻分别研磨显示内耳结构。最后完成对鼓膜、听小骨、面神经、鼓索神经和颈内动脉等结构的仿真复原，并用合页连结锯开的两半颞骨。 结果 在锯开的颞骨内可清晰显示中耳鼓室的6个壁，以及锥状隆起、咽鼓管、前庭窗和蜗窗等细微结构。磨制后的内耳可见3个打开的骨半规管和耳蜗的剖面。复原后的听骨链、面神经、鼓索神经、颈内动脉和鼓膜等结构，均以三维方式显示原有结构的特征和位置关系。由合页连结的颞骨标本，既可打开观察内部结构，也可合拢显示整体形态。 结论 采用锯开和研磨技术制作耳标本可以取得满意的结果，标准化的锯路标志和标准的定位研磨是成功制作的关键。

A standardized specimen preparation method of middle and inner ear structures

Objective To explore a specimen preparing method of middle and inner ear for direct observation. Methods Marking the standardized line for sawing on the inner and basale surfaces of the human temporal bone. Using a junior hack-saw to open the temporal bone along the marked line to show the middle ear structure. The inner ear structure was exposed with a hand drill. Simulation of tympanic membrane, auditory ossicles, facial nerve, chorda tympani and internal carotid artery were then restructured. A hinge was used to connect the two halves of the temporal bone. Results All six walls of the tympanic cavity were clearly shown in the sawed temporal bone, which showed the pyramidal eminence, pharyngotympanic tube, oval window and round window. Three opened semicircular canals and the crosssection of the cochlear in the inner ear were exposed. The reconstructed auditory ossides, facial nerve, chorda tympani, internal carotid artery and tympanic membrane were used to show the structure and position in three dimensions. The hinge connection can be opened to observe the internal structures and closed to see the overall form. Conclusion The sawing and grinding method were applied to the preparation of the inner ear specimen. The sawing pathe and the grinding site of the inner ear were standardized. This method provides a solid foundation for the anatomy teaching and clinical application of the ear.