轻性抑郁障碍与重性抑郁障碍生活事件及人格特征对照研究

目的 分析和比较轻性抑郁障碍(MinD)与重性抑郁障碍(MDD)的临床症状、生活事件、社会支持、心理应对方式及人格特征.方法 选择288例MDD患者(MDD组)和222例MinD患者(MinD组)作为研究对象,以汉密尔顿抑郁量表-17(HAMD-17)、生活事件量表(LES)、领悟社会支持量表(PSSS)、特质应对方式问卷(TCSQ)及艾森克个性(成人)问卷(EPQ)作为评估工具,分析和比较两组患者的抑郁症状、心理应激、社会支持、心理应对方式及人格特征.结果 MinD组与抑郁有关症状的发生率和HAMD-17评分均显著低于MDD组(P<0.01, P<0.05);两组生活事件发生率相近,但MDD组负性生活事件应激强度明显强于MinD组(P<0.01).PSSS、TCSQ和EPQ显示,与MDD组比较,MinD组朋友支持因子分较低;较多使用积极应对方式;内外向因子分较高,神经质因子分较低(P<0.01或P<0.05).结论 与MDD比较,MinD的抑郁症状发生率低;对负性生活事件的心理应激较轻,多采取积极应对方式;同时具有较好的人格特征.

Control study of life events and personality characteristics of minor depressive disorder and major depressive disorder

Objective To analyse and compare the clinical symptoms, life events, social support, coping style and personality characteristics of minor depressive disorder (MinD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods Two hundred and eighty-eight patients with MDD (MDD group) and 222 patients with MinD (MinD group) were enrolled. Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression-17 (HAMD-17), Life Event Scale (LES), Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), Trait Coping Style Questionnaire (TCSQ) and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) were employed to analyse and compare the clinical symptoms, psychological stress, social support, coping style and personality characteristics between these two groups. Results The prevalence of depressive symptoms and HAMD-17 score in MinD group were significantly lower than those in MDD group (P<0.01, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the prevalences of life events between these two groups, while patients in MinD group had less negative life events stress than those in MDD group (P<0.01). Compared with patients in MDD group, those in MinD group had lower scores on friend support factor of PSSS, higher scores on positive coping factor of TCSQ, and higher scores on extraversion/introversion factor and lower scores on neuroticism/stability factor of EPQ (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Conclusion Compared with MDD, there are lower prevalence of depression, less psychological stress, better coping strategy and personality characteristics for MinD.