联合应用创伤和酸碱法制备股骨头缺血性坏死动物模型

目的：探讨联合应用创伤和酸碱法制备股骨头缺血性坏死动物模型的可行性。方法：雄性成年健康土狗30只,联合应用创伤性以及化学性手段制作模型,通过手术结扎土狗股骨头周围血管（包括臀下动静脉、旋股内外侧动静脉）以及脱位方法破坏股骨头血供,并以无菌胶条包裹使之与软组织隔绝,在股骨颈处开约3mm直径骨窗,以针头向股骨头中心穿刺（不超过关节软骨）,在保护周围软组织的情况下向髓内缓慢注射0.2ml12mol/L盐酸（HCl）,15min后再缓慢注射0.2ml12mol/L氢氧化钠（NaOH）,清除遗漏残液,观察30min（期间保持股骨头脱位状态）,后以骨腊封闭窗口,股骨头复位,缝合切口。术后每周拍片1次,定期书写观察记录,直至出现股骨头塌陷X线表现（预定时间为60d）,然后处死取患髋行病理切片观察。结果：93.3%的土狗出现典型的股骨头坏死,X线片见关节间隙明显狭窄,股骨头变扁平;组织学检查见骨小梁坏死,肉芽组织增生及反应性新生骨形成。结论：联合应用创伤和酸碱法制备股骨头缺血性坏死动物模型,具有成功率高,操作相对简便,诱导时间短,股骨头、颈、干结构完整,股骨头塌陷等特点,可用于动态观察股骨头坏死的演变及用作治疗干预的动物模型。

Establishment of Animal Model of Ischemic Necrosis of Femoral Head by Combined Chemical and Traumatic Methods

Objective: To prove the possibility of creating animal model of ischemic necrosis of femoral head by combined chemical and traumatic methods. Methods: Thirty dogs were subjected to ligation of the peripheral vessels of the femoral head and dislocation. HCl and NaOH were injected into the medullary cavity. X-ray examination was done every week after the operation and at last the animals were sacrificed for the histological examination. Results: 93.3% dogs in the experimental group showed a typical necrosis of femoral head. X-ray showed narrow joint space and histological examination revealed trabecular necrosis, neoplastic bone formation and granulation tissue hyperblastosis. Conclusion: The combined method had many merits such as high successful rate and short inducing period. It can be used to establishment animal models for studying the femoral necrosis and its therapy.