Antibacterial activity of East African medicinal plants |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany;2. Departments of Botany and Chemistry, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844, Nairobi, Kenya;1. LEFFAG - Laboratório de Estudos da Fisio-Farmacologia Gastrintestinal, Centro de Biomedicina, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315, 60430-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil;2. Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Av. Dr. Silas Munguba 1700, 60740-000 Fortaleza CE, Brazil;3. Faculdade de Educação, Ciências e Letras do Sertão Central, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Rua José de Queirós Pessoa, 2554, 63900-000 Quixadá, Ceará, Brazil;4. Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Rua Delmiro de Farias s/n, 60430-170, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil;1. Department of Ecology and Resource Management, University of Venda, Thohoyandou (0950), Private Bag X5050, South Africa;2. Department of Biological Sciences, Northwest University, South Africa;3. Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit, Private Bag X6, Roodepoort, University of South Africa, Johanesburg 1705, South Africa;4. Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Venda, Thohoyandou (0950), Private Bag X5050, South Africa;1. Department of Food Technology, Instituto de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil;2. Department of Chemistry, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil;3. Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil;1. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Institute, National Center for Research, P.O. Box: 2404, Khartoum 11111, Sudan;2. Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Omdurman Islamic University, P.O.Box 382, Omdurman,Sudan;3. Division of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linkoping University, 58185 Linkoping, Sweden;4. Department of Clinical Microbiology, Linköping University Hospital, 58185 Linkoping, Sweden;5. Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious diseases, Kalmar County Hospital, SE-391 85 Kalmar, Sweden;6. Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;7. Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan |
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| Abstract: | In an ethnopharmacological survey, extracts of the six East African medicinal plants Entada abyssinica (stem bark), Terminalia spinosa (young branches), Harrisonia abyssinica (roots), Ximenia caffra (roots), Azadirachta indica (stem bark and leaves), and Spilanthes mauritiana (roots and flowers) were tested against 105 strains of bacteria from seven genera (Staphylococcus, Enterococcus, Pseudomonas, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Salmonella, Mycobacterium). The minimum inhibitory concentration reached by 50% (MIC50%) and 90% (MIC90%) of the strains for the extracts of E. abyssinica, T. spinosa, X. caffra, and A. indica (stem bark) ranged from 0.13–8 mg/ml and from 0.5 to >8 mg/ml, respectively. Their minimum bactericidal concentration by 50% (MBC50%) and MBC90% were all between 0.5 and >8 mg/ml. H. abyssinica, A. indica (leaves), and S. mauritiana (roots and flowers) had MIC and MBC values ≥8 mg/ml. Mycobacteria were not inhibited at extract concentrations of 0.5–2 mg/ml. lt is concluded that plant extracts with low MIC and MBC values may serve as sources for compounds with therapeutic potency. |
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