山西省贫困地区6～24个月儿童营养现状的调查研究

目的了解山西省贫困地区6～24个月婴幼儿的营养状况和喂养情况。方法采用分层整群抽样法抽取5个贫困县976名婴幼儿进行血红蛋白测定、体格测量、儿童各类食物的首次添加时间、调查前24h各类食物添加频次和家长营养知识知晓情况。结果976名6—24月龄婴幼儿中低体重发生率为2．3％，生长迟缓发生率为3．3％，贫血发生率41．2％。婴儿6个月时及时添加辅食仅占到32．0％，24h食物回顾调查发现深色蔬菜水果和红心薯类的添加率为32．1％，动物性食物仅占30．9％。婴幼儿母亲对营养素的主要食物来源等基础营养知识缺乏，以“孩子缺钙会诱发哪种疾病”和“哪类食物是钙的良好来源”知晓率最高（57．1％、57．8％），“维生素A缺乏会导致哪种疾病”知晓率最低（17．6％）。生长迟缓与贫血儿童家长的知识-态度-行为得分低，分别为（13．4±4．8）和（14．6±4．1）。结论山西省农村贫困地区6～24个月儿童贫血患病率较高，加大婴幼儿喂养知识的宣传力度，合理的辅食添加是减少贫血发生的关键。

Nutritional status of infants aged 6 -24 months in poor rural areas of Shanxi Province

Objective To characterize nutritional status and feeding patterns of infants aged 6 - 24 months in poor rural areas of Shanxi Province, China. Methods Five rural areas were selected with stratified cluster sampling method. Children aged 6 to 24 months in these areas received physical examination and hemoglobin （Hb） test. Information on infant＇s birth and feeding was obtained by questionnaire interviews with the mothers. Results 976 infants were included. The prevalence rate of underweight and stunting was 2.3% and 3.3%, respectively; the prevalence of anemia was 41.2%. Complementary feeding was reported in 32% of the infants at 6 - month old. Only 32.1% of the infants were fed with vegetables/fruits and 30.9% with animal foods. The mothers had no adequate basic nutrition knowledge, such as key source of food nutrients. Knowledge - attitude - behavior score was low for mothers of infants with growth retardation and anemia, with a mean of （ 13.4 ± 4.8） and （ 14.6 ± 4.1 ） , respectively. Conclusion Anemia among infants aged 6 -24 months was common in the poor rural areas in Shanxi Province, and feeding practice was inadequate. These findings are useful in designing interventions aiming to improve nutrition in these areas.