Pharmacokinetics and Acute Lethality of Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) to Juvenile Mallard and Northern Bobwhite |
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Authors: | John L Newsted Susan A Beach Sean P Gallagher John P Giesy |
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Institution: | (1) ENTRIX, Inc, 4295 Okemos Rd., Okemos, Michigan 48864, USA;(2) 3M Company, Environmental Laboratory, St. Paul, Minnesota 55144, USA;(3) Wildlife International, Ltd, Easton, Maryland 21601, USA;(4) Department of Zoology, National Food Safety and Toxicology Center, Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA;(5) Biology and Chemistry Department, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, China |
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Abstract: | Ten-day-old mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) were fed perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) in their diet for 5 days. The birds were then observed for 3 days while being given
uncontaminated feed, and half of the birds were sacrificed on Day 8 of the trial. The remaining birds were maintained for
an additional two weeks prior to being euthanized on Day 22 of the trial. Birds were assessed for growth, rate of feed consumption,
behavior, physical injury, mortality, and gross abnormalities. Liver weight and concentrations of PFOS in blood serum and
liver were also assessed. Based on the average daily intake (ADI) of PFOS calculated over the 5-day exposure period, the LD50 for juvenile mallards was determined to be 150 mg PFOS/kg body weight (bw)/day, equivalent to a total cumulative dose of
750 mg PFOS/kg bw calculated over a 5-day period. For juvenile quail, the LD50 based on the ADI was 61 mg PFOS/kg bw/day, equivalent to a total cumulative dose of 305 mg PFOS/kg bw. Reductions in weight
gain and body weight were observed in quail from the 141 mg PFOS/kg treatment, but these measures returned to control levels
by Day 22. The no-mortality dietary treatments were 70.3 and 141 mg PFOS/kg feed for quail and mallards, respectively. Both
mallards and quail accumulated PFOS in blood serum and liver in a dose-dependent manner. The half-lives of PFOS in mallard
blood serum and liver were estimated to be 6.86 and 17.5 days, respectively. In quail, the half-life of PFOS in liver was
estimated to be 12.8 days, while the half-life of PFOS in quail blood serum could not be estimated. Concentrations of PFOS
in juvenile mallard and quail liver associated with mortality are at least 50-fold greater than the single maximum PFOS concentration
that has been measured in livers of avian wildlife. |
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