The corporatization of community pharmacy: Implications for service provision,the public health function,and pharmacy's claims to professional status in the United Kingdom |
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| Authors: | Joseph Bush Christopher A Langley Keith A Wilson |
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| Institution: | 1. Manchester Pharmacy School, The University of Manchester, 1st Floor Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M139PT, United Kingdom;2. Centre for Pharmacy Postgraduate Education (CPPE), Manchester Pharmacy School, The University of Manchester, 1st Floor, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M139PT, United Kingdom;1. School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK;2. Social Pharmacy Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand;3. Medway School of Pharmacy, The Universities of Greenwich and Kent at Medway, Chatham, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK;4. School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Newcastle University Singapore Campus 180 Ang Mo Kio Avenue 8, 869830, Singapore;5. Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand;6. Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L3 5AQ, UK;1. Division of Social Research in Medicines and Health, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, East Drive, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom;2. School of Nursing, Midwifery, and Physiotherapy, Queen''s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2HA, United Kingdom;1. Graduate School of Health, Pharmacy, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia;2. Cátedra de Atención Farmacéutica, University of Granada, Spain;3. iMed-UL, Department of Social Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Portugal |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundPharmacy has experienced both incomplete professionalization and deprofessionalization. Since the late 1970s, a concerted attempt has been made to re-professionalize pharmacy in the United Kingdom (UK) through role extension—a key feature of which has been a drive for greater pharmacy involvement in public health. However, the continual corporatization of the UK community pharmacy sector may reduce the professional autonomy of pharmacists and may threaten to constrain attempts at reprofessionalization.ObjectivesThe objectives of the research: to examine the public health activities of community pharmacists in the UK; to explore the attitudes of community pharmacists toward recent relevant UK policy and barriers to the development of their public health function; and, to investigate associations between activity, attitudes, and the type of community pharmacy worked in (eg, supermarket, chain, independent).MethodsA self-completion postal questionnaire was sent to a random sample of practicing community pharmacists, stratified for country and sex, within Great Britain (n = 1998), with a follow-up to nonresponders 4 weeks later. Data were analyzed using SPSS (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) (v12.0). A final response rate of 51% (n = 1023/1998) was achieved.ResultsThe level of provision of emergency hormonal contraception on a patient group direction, supervised administration of medicines, and needle-exchange schemes was lower in supermarket pharmacies than in the other types of pharmacy. Respondents believed that supermarkets and the major multiple pharmacy chains held an advantageous position in terms of attracting financing for service development despite suggesting that the premises of such pharmacies may not be the most suitable for the provision of such services.ConclusionsA mixed market in community pharmacy may be required to maintain a comprehensive range of pharmacy-based public health services and provide maximum benefit to all patients. Longitudinal monitoring is recommended to ensure that service provision is adequate across the pharmacy network. |
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