青光眼视神经损伤发病机制的研究进展

关于原发性青光眼的发病机制,目前有许多学说,但每种学说都不能完全说明青光眼视神经损害的具体机制。原发性青光眼进展的危险因素包括全身性及眼部因素,眼部因素包括眼压及非眼压因素。眼压虽然不是青光眼视神经损害的惟一因素,但仍然是青光眼最主要和最稳定的危险因素。另外,视网膜神经节细胞死亡是青光眼视神经损伤的最终共同通路,阻断视神经损伤通路和增强视神经存活机制的方法将成为一种重要的青光眼辅助治疗措施,目前这一领域主要包括抗凋亡途径、促红细胞生成素、抗青光眼药物等方面。

Research Progress on the Pathogenesis of Optic Nerve Injury in Glaucoma

At present there are various pathogeneses on primary glaucoma,but none can explain the injury mechanism of primary glaucoma′s optic nerve.The risk factors related to the progress of glaucoma have been investigated and revealed the involvement of the systemic factors and ocular factors that include intraocular pressure(IOP)and nonIOP factors.Intraocular pressure(IOP)is not only the factor that induces injury of the optic nerve,but also the major risk factor of glaucoma.On the other hand,The final common pathway of glaucomatous optic nerve injury is retinal ganglion cells death.There has been considerable effort to develop therapeutics that prevent optic neuropathy pathway and improve the optic nerve survival mechanism.This therapeutic strategy will become an important adjunct therapy for glaucoma neuroprotection.There are a number of promising areas of research for the new glaucoma therapies including antiapoptotic approach,erythropoietin,anti-glaucoma medicine and so on.