儿童泌尿道感染诊治规范

泌尿道感染(UTI)是儿童最常见的感染性疾病之一。儿童UTI的临床症状可不典型,需结合尿沉渣分析与尿细菌学检查诊断,必要时需完善影像学评估有无泌尿系统发育畸形等。一旦诊断UTI需给予敏感抗菌药物治疗,抗菌药物选择应结合患儿一般情况、所在地区耐药发生率、既往用药史、尿细菌学药敏结果综合判断。此外,UTI并膀胱输尿管反流的患儿是否需要预防性抗菌药物治疗仍存在一定争议。现通过查阅、分析儿童UTI的相关指南、共识及临床依据,对儿童UTI的诊断、实验室检查、治疗等进行阐述,旨在为临床医师提供参考。

Diagnosis and treatment standard of urinary tract infections in children

Urinary tract infection(UTI)are one of the most common infectious diseases in childhood,possibly with atypical symptoms.It is often diagnosed by urinary sediment analysis and urine bacteriological examination.Sometimes it is necessary to find out whether there is urinary tract malformation by imaging evaluation.Once a UTI is confirmed,sensitive antimicrobial drugs should be used based on the general status of the patient,incidence of drug resis-tance in the region where the patient is located,past medication history,and drug sensitivity of urine bacteriology.In addition,treatment of UTI children with vesicoureteral reflux using antimicrobial prophylaxis is still controversial.In this review,the diagnosis,laboratory examination and treatment for UTI children were summarized by referring to and analyzing guidelines,consensuses and clinical evidence on UTI in children,so as to provide reference for clinicians.