嘉兴市新居民子女发育行为问题分析

目的 调查新居民子女身心健康状况,分析发育行为问题,为改善家庭教养、学校教育以及政府制订政策提供理论依据.方法 应用分层抽样方法在嘉兴市随机抽取6～12岁本地子女1 236人和新居民子女1 396人,采用自编一般现况调查表、联合型瑞文智力测验(CRT)、行为与困难问卷(SDQ)分析家庭环境因素、智力、行为、情绪和社交等发育行为问题.结果 新居民子女智商(102.27±16.31)与本地子女智商(103.35±14.57)差异无统计学意义(t=1.79,P >0.05);新居民子女与本地子女的抚养人、父母文化、教育花费、陪伴时间、家长管教态度、家庭学习环境、家长关注程度、教育困惑等影响因素均有统计学意义(均P <0.01);新居民子女SDQ客观困难程度正常、可疑、异常比例为67.3%、15.7%、17.0%,本地子女为79.9%、11.0%、9.1%,差异有统计学意义(χ²=54.96,P=0.000);新居民子女在本地公办学校上学者(混合编班和独立编班)SDQ总分及各因子困难程度均明显改善(均P <0.01).结论 新居民子女获得的家庭环境支持和学校教育资源的相对缺乏,引发生长发育过程中出现了明显的身心发育行为问题,身心健康水平下降.

Developmental behavioral problems among migrant children in Jiaxing city

Objective To explore mental health status and developmental behavioral problems among migrant workers' children and to provide evidences for improving family and school education.Methods Totally 1 236 native children and 1 396 migrant children aged 6 to 12 years were selected with stratified cluster sampling.A self-designed questionnaire on demography,Combined Raven's Test,and Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire(SDQ)were adopted in the survey.Results There was no significant difference in intelligence quotient(IQ)score between migrant and native children(102.27±16.31 vs.103.35±14.57;t=1.79,P >0.05).There were significant differences between migrant and native children in the familial membership of caregiver,parental education level,education expenditure,the time spent with the children,parental attitude towards education,study environment at home,the degree of parental concern,and the confusion about education of the parents(all P <0.01).There were significant differences between migrant and native children in the proportions of the students with normal(67.3% vs.79.9%),suspicious(15.7% vs.11.0%),and abnormal(17.0% vs.9.1%)objective difficulty defined by SDQ(χ²=54.96,P <0.01).The migrant children studying in an independent or combined class of local public schools had higher SDQ total score and subscale scores than the children studying in special schools for migrant children(all P <0.01).Conclusion Migrant children are lack of family support and education resource and the situation may lead to abnormal psychosomatic development of the children.