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Epidemiology,antibiotic therapy and clinical outcomes of healthcare-associated pneumonia in critically ill patients: a Spanish cohort study |
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| Authors: | Jordi Vallés Ignacio Martin-Loeches Antoni Torres Emili Diaz Iratxe Seijas Maria José López Pau Garro Carlos Castillo Jose Garnacho-Montero María del Mar Martin Maria Victoria de la Torre Pedro Olaechea Catia Cilloniz Jordi Almirall Fernando García Roberto Jiménez Estrella Seoane Cruz Soriano Eduard Mesalles Pilar Posada |
| Affiliation: | 1. Area de Patología Crítica, Critical Care Department, Hospital de Sabadell, Corporació Sanitaria Universitaria Parc Taulí, Parc Taulí s/n, Sabadell, Spain 2. CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain 3. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain 4. Servicio de Pneumologia, Hospital Clínic i Provincial de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain 5. Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Cruces, Bilbao, Spain 6. Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital General de Burgos, Burgos, Spain 7. Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital de Granollers, Granollers, Spain 8. Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Txagoritxu, Vitoria, Spain 9. Unidad Clínica de Cuidados Críticos y Urgencias, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain 10. Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Sra, Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain 11. Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain 12. Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Galdakao, Galdakao, Spain 13. Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital de Mataró, Barcelona, Spain 14. Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital General Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain 15. Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Santa Lucía, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain 16. Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Ourense, Spain 17. Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain 18. Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain 19. Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Vigo, Spain |
| Abstract: | PurposeInformation about healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) in critically ill patients is scarce.MethodsThis prospective study compared clinical presentation, outcomes, microbial etiology, and treatment of HCAP, community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), and immunocompromised patients (ICP) with severe pneumonia admitted to 34 Spanish ICUs.ResultsA total of 726 patients with pneumonia (449 CAP, 133 HCAP, and 144 ICP) were recruited during 1 year from April 2011. HCAP patients had more comorbidities and worse clinical status (Barthel score). HCAP and ICP patients needed mechanical ventilation and tracheotomy more frequently than CAP patients. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most frequent pathogen in all three groups (CAP, 34.2 %; HCAP, 19.5 %; ICP, 23.4 %; p = 0.001). The overall incidence of Gram-negative pathogens, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was low, but higher in HCAP and ICP patients than CAP. Empirical treatment was in line with CAP guidelines in 73.5 % of patients with CAP, in 45.5 % of those with HCAP, and in 40 % of those with ICP. The incidence of inappropriate empirical antibiotic therapy was 6.5 % in CAP, 14.4 % in HCAP, and 21.8 % in ICP (p < 0.001). Mortality was highest in ICP (38.6 %) and did not differ between CAP (18.4 %) and HCAP (21.2 %).ConclusionsHCAP accounts for one-fifth of cases of severe pneumonia in patients admitted to Spanish ICUs. The empirical antibiotic therapy recommended for CAP would be appropriate for 90 % of patients with HCAP in our population, and consequently the decision to include coverage of multidrug-resistant pathogens for HCAP should be cautiously judged in order to prevent the overuse of antimicrobials. |
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