经前路短节段固定矫形治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧弯的探讨

目的 探讨经前路手术短节段矫形治疗青少年特发性胸/腰段脊柱侧弯的临床疗效,总结分析其并发症.方法 回顾性分析我院2000年1月～2007年12月行前路手术矫形治疗的62例青少年特发性胸\腰段脊柱侧弯.胸段特发性脊柱侧弯39例,术前Cobb角45°～75°(平均53.6°);腰段特发性脊柱侧弯23例,术前Cobb角43°～72°,平均51.7°.术前均进行详细的临床和影像学检查评估.胸段脊柱侧弯患儿均行肺功能测定,对于最大肺活量小于50%的患儿行吹气球等肺功能锻炼达手术要求.按影像学资料拟定同定节段及融合范围.结果 62例患儿均顺利完成手术.胸段脊柱侧弯平均融合4.2个,Cobb角矫正至术后的3°～18°,平均8.5°,平均矫正率为84.1%;腰段脊柱侧弯平均融合4.5个,Cobb角矫正至术后的1°～16°,平均7.9°,平均矫正率为84.7%.发生自发性血胸1例,交感神经损伤8例,医源性平背畸形1例,肠系膜上动脉综合征1例.结论 青少年特发性胸/腰段脊柱侧弯经前路短节段同定可取得良好的矫形效果,充分的术前计划及认真的术中操作可有效减少围手术期和远期并发症的发生.

Anterior approach of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis correction

Objective To review our results of anterior approach of treating adolescent idiopathic lumbar and thoracic scoliosis with short-segment instrumentation. Methods Sixty-two cases of adolescent id-iopathic lumbar and thoracic scoliosis treated in our department from Jan 2002 to Dec 2007 were retrospec-tively analyzed. There were 39 cases of adolescent idiopathic lumbar scoliosis with Cobb angle from 45° to 75° (average 53.6°) and 23 cases of that with Cobb angle from 43° to 72° (average 51.7°). Detailed clinical and imaging assessment of each case were carried out. Lung function tests were performed to determine the vital capacity. Balloon blowing training was carried out for those with lung function less than 50% of normal The fixed segments and the scope of integration were prepared with preoperative imaging information. Results All patients were successfully operated on. The average correction rate for each group was 84.1% and 84.7% respectively. The complications included one spontaneous hemothorax,8 sympathetic trunk injury, one flatback deformity. Conclusions The anterior correction of scoliosis with short-segment instrumentation has minimal perioperative and long-term complications.