Eating to beat breast cancer: Potential role for soy supplements

Background: The study reviews the anticancer properties of naturalisoflavones which occur in especially high concentration in soybeans. Itconsiders the suitability of soybean products for clinical trials aiming toreduce the progression of breast cancer.Methods: Evidence is reviewed that plant isoflavones such asgenistein show cytostatic activity against human mammary cancer cell linesin vitro and can also suppress carcinogen-induced mammary cancer inyoung and mature rats.Results: Plant isoflavones are converted in the bowel to compoundswith potential antioestrogenic and antioxidative properties. These compoundsshow cytostatic activity for both oestrogen receptor-positive and negativehuman mammary cancer cell lines, and also inhibit growth and progress of therat mammary cancer model. The high content of soybean products in the diet ofAsian women has been postulated as one reason for their relatively low breastcancer incidence.Conclusion: Preclinical studies suggest that soybean products begiven priority for clinical trials in breast cancer protection. A pilot studycould test soy protein supplements as long-term adjuvant dietary treatmentafter primary surgery for early breast cancer, looking for a decrease in therisk of recurrence or of second primary tumours.     

Evaluation of allergenicity of genetically modified soybean protein extract in a murine model of oral allergen-specific sensitization

Background With the development of genetically modified crop plants there has been a growing interest in the approaches available to assess the potential allergenicity of novel gene products. For additional assessment of the potential allergenicity of expressed proteins, informative data can be generated using animal models. Soybean is one of the major source of protein in human and animal nutrition, and has also been well characterized as a major allergenic source. Advances in biotechnology have resulted in an increasing number of genetically engineered foods, and among these soybean is one of the most widespread. Objective To develop and characterize a murine model of IgE‐mediated soybean sensitization induced by intragastric immunization, in the presence of Cholera Toxin, with wild‐type soybean extract (wt‐SE) or with genetically modified soybean extract (gm‐SE). Methods Balb/c mice born in our animal facilities, from females fed on soy‐free food, were fed with the same soy‐free food and used in all the experiments. Mice were sensitized by gavages with soybean extracts, and allergen‐specific IgE and IgG responses were studied by direct ELISA and ELISA inhibition. Antigen‐specific cell proliferation and cytokine production were evaluated in spleen cell cultures. Results Sensitization with both soybean extracts induced high levels of antigen‐specific IgE and IgG1 and low levels of specific IgG2a. Both wt‐SE and gm‐SE were able to inhibit the binding of specific IgE from mice immunized with gm‐SE to the same antigen used for the ELISA coating. A comparable proliferative response was obtained with the homologous as well as with the heterologous extracts. Conclusion In sensitized mice, we observed a predominantly T‐helper type 2 (Th2)‐type immune response, with increased soybean‐specific IgE and IgG1 antibodies and a concomitant increase of IL‐4 and IL‐5 production. Results obtained by specific IgE ELISA inhibition and by antigen‐specific T cell proliferation demonstrated that wt‐SE and gm‐SE shared B and T epitopes. The present murine model of soybean sensitization established by the oral route should provide valuable information about risk assessment for food allergy from new proteins of genetically modified foods.     

Intravenous Lipid Emulsions in the Prevention and Treatment of Liver Disease in Intestinal Failure

The development of intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD) in pediatric and adult patients on parenteral nutrition is usually multifactorial in nature due to nutritional and non-nutritional causes. The role of lipid therapy as a contributing cause is well-established with the pathophysiological pathways now better understood. The review focuses on risk factors for IFALD development, biological effects of lipids, lipid emulsions and the mechanisms of lipid toxicity observed in laboratory animals followed by a synopsis of clinical studies in pediatric and adult patients. The introduction of fish oil-based lipid emulsions that provide partial or complete lipid replacement therapy has resulted in resolution of IFALD that had been associated with soybean oil-based therapy. Based on case reports and cohort studies in pediatric and adult patients who were at risk or developed overt liver disease, we now have more evidence that an early switch to partial or complete fish oil–based lipid therapy should be implemented in order to successfully halt and reverse IFALD.     

葛根异黄酮对去卵巢大鼠骨矿密度和骨强度的影响

目的：研究葛根总异黄酮（TIP）对雌激素缺乏引起的骨质疏松症的防治作用。方法：10月龄SD大鼠,手术切除双侧卵巢后7d,每天igTIP100和20mg/kg,并设假手术组（Sham)、模型对照组（OVX）和尼理论联系实际是性组（E3）,在给药4和7个月时,测定大鼠全身骨矿总量（BMC）和骨矿密度（BMD）及骨生物力学强度等。结果（1）和OVX组相比,TIP大剂量组在给药4个月时BMC和BMD分别提高14．6％和12．1％,7个月时分离提高6．8％和14．2％;小剂量组4个月时分别提高7．8％和6．9％,7个月时分离提高8．65和14．95。（2）TIP大、小剂量组股骨相对体积质量分别提高3．8％和3．4％;胫骨相对休整质量提高6．8％和6．3％,股骨Ca盐密度均提高15％以上。（3）TIP大、小剂量组股骨最大负荷分别提高16．1％和9．1％;结构强度分别提高19．4％和12．5％,（4）TIP使大鼠子宫重量明显增加。结论TIP对去卵巢引起的大鼠骨质疏松症具有明显的防治作用,这种作用可能和它的弱雌激素样活性有关。     

荷叶大豆及其合剂调脂活性部位的研究

目的：通过体内外实验探讨荷叶大豆调脂的活性部位及其作用特点,方法：以急性高脂血症小鼠为整体模型观察药物对血清胆固醇及甘油三酯的影响,体外给药观察药物对肝细胞合成胆固醇的影响。结果：荷叶大豆的水提取部分及其生物碱和黄酮均有调脂作用,大豆黄酮对体外肝细胞合成胆固醇有抑制的趋势。结论：荷叶和大豆均有调脂作用,其主要活性部位在黄酮和生物碱,其作用特点在于促进胆固醇的代谢方面。     

西洋参DNA导入大豆实现遗传转化的研究Ⅱ.导入后代异黄酮类成分的含？…

用高效液相色谱法测定了西洋参 DNA导入大豆后代的异黄酮类成分、大豆苷 (daidzin)、大豆黄素(daidzein)、染料木苷 (genistin)、染料木素 (genistein)的含量 ,采用 U nisil Q C1 8柱 ,4.6 mm× 2 5 0 m m,流动相乙腈 - 0 .0 0 3mol/L 磷酸氢二钠 (17∶ 83) ,流速 1.0 m L/min,检测波长 2 5 4nm,结果表明 ,4种成分分离效果好 ,成分含量发生了广泛变异 ,从中可筛选出有效成分含量较高的新材料     

怀槐愈伤组织形成与异黄酮积累

目的 :考察怀槐愈伤组织形成与总异黄酮积累的关系。方法 :不同培养基诱导怀槐子叶和下胚轴产生愈伤组织 ,紫外分光光度术测定愈伤组织中总异黄酮并含量。结果 :NAA /BA及含 2 ,4-D组合有利子叶愈伤组织的诱导 ;MS ,N6 ,B5培养基适宜子叶形成愈伤组织 ,而SH较适宜下胚轴产生愈伤组织。愈伤组织具有异黄酮合成能力 ,含有NAA激素组合诱导的子叶愈伤组织总异黄酮含量较高 ,而 2 ,4-D/BA组合诱导的下胚轴愈伤组织总异黄酮含量较高 ,高浓度 2 ,4-D/KT组合抑制子叶和下胚轴愈伤组织积累异黄酮。愈伤组织根据发育的形态特征可分为 4种类型 ,以黄色、疏松、颗粒状的Ⅱ型愈伤组织中总异黄酮含量最高。结论 :培养基与激素组合影响愈伤组织的形成及发育形态特征 ,并反映在愈伤组织异黄酮合成差异上 ,获得的黄色、疏松颗粒状愈伤组织为后续的细胞液体悬浮培养及异黄酮合成代谢的调控研究奠定了基础。     

The effect of soy isoflavones on the development of intestinal neoplasia in Apc mouse

Data from epidemiological studies suggest that isoflavones in soy may have a protective effect on the development of colon cancer in humans. Therefore, we have investigated whether soy isoflavones will inhibit intestinal tumour development in Apc^Min mice. The mice were fed a Western-type high risk diet (high fat, low fibre and calcium) containing two different isolates of soy protein as a protein source. For the control and test groups this resulted in the administration of about 16 and 475 mg of total isoflavones per kg diet, respectively. As a positive control, a third group of mice was administered a low isoflavone diet supplemented with 300 ppm sulindac. No significant differences in the incidence, multiplicity, size and distribution of intestinal tumours were observed between Min mice fed low and high isoflavone-containing diets. However, a clear reduction in the number of small intestinal tumours was observed for the sulindac diet. Thus, in contrast to epidemiological studies, our results demonstrate that high amounts of soy isoflavones present in a Western-type high risk diet do not protect against intestinal tumour development in a relevant animal model such as the Min mice.     

大豆异黄酮活性组分对H2O2诱导的PC12细胞损伤的影响

目的:探讨大豆异黄酮活性组分对H2 O2 诱导的PC12细胞损伤的保护作用。方法:以H2 O2 损伤PC12细胞为氧化应激损伤的模型,采用光学显微镜观察细胞形态,MTT法判断细胞的存活率,LDH法检测细胞的损伤程度。结果:不同浓度大豆异黄酮能明显改善H2 O2 导致的细胞甲瓒减少,大豆异黄酮处理组细胞存活率明显高于H2 O2 处理组(P <0 .0 1) ;而LDH漏出率则明显低于H2 O2 处理组(P <0 .0 5 )。结论:大豆异黄酮活性组分对H2 O2 诱导的PC12细胞损伤具有保护作用。     

大豆异黄酮减缓绝经后妇女骨丢失的临床效应

目的:确定大豆异黄酮减缓绝经后雌激素缺失状态下骨丢失的生理效应及其有效剂量。方法:以骨量正常或低减的绝经后妇女87人为研究对象,随机单盲分为大豆异黄酮84 mg/d和126 mg/d两个剂量组及安慰剂对照组,另以绝经后妇女10人给予7-炔诺酮2.5 mg/d作为阳性对照组,追踪24 w,测定腰椎、股骨颈和Ward,s三角区试验前后的骨密度值。结果:试验后安慰剂对照组腰椎骨密度较试验前显著下降(P<0.05), 大豆异黄酮两组及雌激素对照组各部位骨密度试验前后无显著变化 (P>0.05);协方差分析表明,试验后大豆异黄酮126 mg/d组、和雌激素对照组腰椎部位骨密度均值及其变化率显著高于安慰剂组(P<0.05),回归分析表明大豆异黄酮对各部位的骨密度变化率均有显著的正向作用(P<0.05)。结论:大豆异黄酮84～126 mg/d可减缓绝经后妇女骨的丢失,维持骨密度的相对稳定,其显效剂量是126 mg/d。