胎盘生长因子串联scFv质粒构建表达及亲和力测定

目的:构建并表达胎盘生长因子串联scFv,提升对胎盘生长因子的亲和力。方法:设计不同长度的柔性连接子连接的串联scFv,构建串联scFv质粒,并分别将串联scFv与亲本scFv于原核表达系统进行表达。通过间接ELISA分别测定串联scFv及对应亲本scFv亲和力,分别对数据进行单因素ANOVA方差分析,并使用Dunnett-t检验进行组间比较。结果:柔性连接子长度的不同,会对串联scFv亲和力造成差别。单因素ANOVA方差分析结果表明,各组亲和常数间存在明显的统计学差异,Dunnett-t检验组间比较结果可知,当串联scFv间柔性连接子（GGGGS）n长度n=4和n=5时,亲和力较亲本提升不明显（P＞0.05）;但亲和力在n=6（t335=33.90,t7A10=32.00,均P<0.000 1）及n=7（t335=91.68,t7A10=90.71,均P<0.000 1）时较两亲本均有明显提升。结论:串联scFv可以明显提高单体scFv亲和力。     

Intracellular antibodies for proteomics

The intracellular antibody technology has many applications for proteomics studies.

The potential of intracellular antibodies for the systematic study of the proteome has been made possible by the development of new experimental strategies that allow the selection of antibodies under conditions of intracellular expression. The Intracellular Antibody Capture Technology (IACT) is an in vivo two-hybrid-based method originally developed for the selection of antibodies readily folded for ectopic expression. IACT has been used for the rapid and effective identification of novel antigen–antibody pairs in intracellular compartments and for the in vivo identification of epitopes recognized by selected intracellular antibodies. IACT opens the way to the use of intracellular antibody technology for large-scale applications in proteomics. In its present format, its use is however somewhat limited by the need of a preselection of the input phage antibody libraries on protein antigens or by the construction of an antibody library from mice immunized against the target protein(s), to provide an enriched input library to compensate for the suboptimal efficiency of transformation of the yeast cells. These enrichment steps require expressing the corresponding proteins, which represents a severe bottleneck for the scaling up of the technology.

We describe here the construction of a single pot library of intracellular antibodies (SPLINT), a naïve library of scFv fragments expressed directly in the yeast cytoplasm in a format such that antigen-specific intrabodies can be isolated directly from gene sequences, with no manipulation whatsoever of the corresponding proteins. We describe also the isolation from SPLINT of a panel of intrabodies against a number of different proteins.

The application of SPLINT on a genome-wide scale should help the systematic study of the functional organization of cell proteome.     

抗人C1—抑制物单链抗体的构建

由一株抗人Ｃ１－抑物单克隆抗体鼠杂交瘤细胞提取总ＲＮＡ，合成２对与免疫蛋白可变区ＦＲ１和ＦＲ４互补的通用引物，经ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ扩增出抗体的重链可变区和轻链可变区基因。     

抗人大肠癌单链抗体的构建、表达及其体内外生物学活性的检测

目的 将抗人大肠癌单克隆抗体ND-1(mAb)的VR和VL基因进行重组，构建和表达ND－1scFv，并对其在体内外的生物学活性进行检测。采用RT－PCR技术，从能够分泌mAb ND-1的鼠杂交瘤细胞中扩增VH和RL基因，通过重叠延伸拼接PCR在VH和VL基因间引入连接短肽，体外构构建ND－1scFv基因，并在大肠杆菌中表达。采用间接免疫荧光（IFA）EY IF工IMPG-1scFv的免疫学活性。用^99Tc^m标记ND－1scFv后，将偶联物给予荷瘤裸鼠，观察其在动物体内的显像及生物学分布。结果 SDS－PAGEW显示，重组蛋白Mr为30000，同预期结果一致。IFA及ELISA检测表明，ND－1scFv保留了与亲本抗体相近的免疫学活性，对表达相应抗原的靶细胞具有行异结合活性。体内放射免疫实验显示，^99Tc^m-ND-1scFv在荷瘤小鼠体内的生物学分布，呈明显的肿瘤积聚趋向，注入体内1h血中T／NT即在2．61。结论 获得免疫学活性良好的ND－1scFv，对荷瘤动物体内肿瘤的定位快速，准确，可望成为有效的肿瘤诊断和治疗的导向载体。     

抗肝癌细胞噬菌体单链抗体库的构建及筛选

构建抗人肝癌细胞单链抗体库 ,从中筛选与肝癌细胞特异结合的高亲和力单链抗体。从HepG2细胞免疫的BALB/c小鼠脾脏提取总RNA ,RT PCR扩增小鼠抗体重、轻链可变区基因 ,用 (Gly4Ser) 3 连接肽基因 ,经重叠延伸反应 ,在体外将VH 和VL 连接成单链抗体 (scFv)基因 ,并克隆入噬菌粒载体pCANTAB5E中 ,构建噬菌体单链抗体库。以HepG2细胞为抗原对抗体库进行淘选 ,ELISA法鉴定各单克隆与肝癌细胞的结合活性 ,并对阳性克隆进行表达。成功构建了库容为 1 1× 10 6抗肝癌细胞的噬菌体单链抗体库 ,经筛选得到了与HepG2细胞具有较强结合能力的单链抗体 ,实现了scFv在大肠杆菌中的可溶性表达。序列测定结果表明 ,VH 和VL 基因符合小鼠抗体可变区特征 ,scFv基因拼接正确     

抗人CD25分子单链抗体基因的构建、表达及初步鉴定

目的:构建和表达抗人CD25分子单链抗体(scFv)蛋白,并测定其生物学活性。方法:用RT-PCR方法从能分泌特异性抗CD25单克隆抗体(mAb)的杂交瘤细胞中分离纯化抗体VH和VL基因。用重叠延伸PCR方法将VH和VL拼接在一起,构建抗CD25分子scFv的基因。将scFv基因克隆至pMD18T,用限制性内切酶切以及测序鉴定。将scFv基因连接到pBAD/gⅢA表达载体,转化Top10表达菌。阳性克隆用左旋阿拉伯糖诱导4 h,SDS-PAGE电泳检测蛋白纯度,竞争抑制ELISA实验检测其活性。结果:scFv基因长度约为700 bp。通过DNA序列测定和分析,构建出VL-(GGGGS)3-VH(但其中349位G突变为A,使Linker其中一位Gly→Ser)。其VH隶属于小鼠Ig重链可变区Ⅲ(C)亚类,全长351 bp,可编码117个氨基酸;其VL隶属于小鼠Igκ轻链可变区Ⅳ亚类,全长318 bp,可编码106个氨基酸。TOP10中表达的scFv抗体加上同时融合表达的两个标签6×His和C-mycMr约为31 000,结果符合scFv的Mr。竞争抑制细胞ELISA实验显示表达的scFv具有活性。结论:此scFv基因的表达产物具有一定的特异结合活性。为抗CD25 scFv的临床应用打下了基础。     

大库容量人源性天然单链抗体库的构建

目的：构建一个大库容量（＞10^8）的人类天然单链抗体库。方法：从正常人400mL外周血分离林巴细胞,提取mRNA后反转录出cDNA第一链, 行半套式PCR扩增VH和VL基因片段,依次插入含Loxp和Loxp511序列的pDNA5,电转化TG1大肠杆菌,构建初级库进一步用初级库感染BS1365使其VH,VL发生重组从而获得次级库。结果：所有VH,VL亚类基因都得到了扩增,scFv克隆效率为99．9％,重组效率为每个单克隆BS1365中含至少8种不同的scFv基因。初级库容量为10^7,次级库容量至少为10^11。结论：我们采用细胞内重组的方法构建了10^11的人类天然抗体库。     

重组人抗HBsAg单链抗体工程菌的中试发酵工艺研究

目的研究表达重组人抗HBsAg单链抗体工程菌的中试发酵工艺。方法首先采用摇瓶培养,对培养基配方、pH值、诱导表达时机和诱导剂量进行优化,确定基本发酵参数,然后在30L发酵罐上进行中试规模发酵培养。结果在摇瓶培养时,发现含有甘油和微量元素等成分的改良培养基效果明显优于LB培养基和2×YT培养基,另外,工程茵的最佳pH值为7.0,最佳诱导时机为对数中期,最佳诱导剂浓度为0.4mmoL/L异丙基-1-硫代-β-呋喃半乳糖,最佳诱导时间为4h,将摇瓶培养确定的关键参数应用到30L发酵罐中,控制溶氧大于30%,进行3批发酵试验,发现发酵产物的湿菌产量可达58-61.9g/L,目的蛋白质表达量可达28.9%-31.2%以上。结论建立了工程菌M15[pQE-scFv]的中试发酵工艺,为进一步开发打下良好基础。     

Antibody-based fusion proteins to target death receptors in cancer

Ideally, an immunotoxin should be inactive ‘en route’, acquire activity only after tumor cell surface binding and have no off-target effects towards normal cells. In this respect, antibody-based fusion proteins that exploit the tumor-selective pro-apoptotic death ligands sFasL and sTRAIL appear promising. Soluble FasL largely lacks receptor-activating potential, whereas sTRAIL is inactive towards normal cells. Fusion proteins in which an anti-tumor antibody fragment (scFv) is fused to sFasL or sTRAIL prove to be essentially inactive when soluble, while gaining potent anti-tumor activity after selective binding to a predefined tumor-associated cell surface antigen. Importantly, off-target binding by scFv:sTRAIL to normal cells showed no signs of toxicity. In this review, we highlight the rationale and perspectives of scFv:TRAIL/scFv:sFasL based fusion proteins for cancer therapy.     

Engineering of a recombinant trivalent single-chain variable fragment antibody directed against rabies virus glycoprotein G with improved neutralizing potency

Human and equine rabies immunoglobulins are currently available for passive immunization against rabies. However, these are hampered by the limited supply and some drawbacks. Advances in antibody engineering have led to overcome issues of clinical applications and to improve the protective efficacy. In the present study, we report the generation of a trivalent single-chain Fv (scFv50AD1-Fd), that recognizes the rabies virus glycoprotein, genetically fused to the trimerization domain of the bacteriophage T4 fibritin, termed ‘foldon’ (Fd). scFv50AD1-Fd was expressed as soluble recombinant protein in bacterial periplasmic space and purified through affinity chromatography. The molecular integrity and stability were analyzed by polyacrylamide gradient-gel electrophoresis, size-exclusion chromatography and incubation in human sera. The antigen-binding properties of the trimeric scFv were analyzed by direct and competitive-ELISA. Its apparent affinity constant was estimated at 1.4 ± 0.25 × 10⁹ M⁻¹ and was 75-fold higher than its monovalent scFv (1.9 ± 0.68 × 10⁷ M⁻¹). The scFv50AD1-Fd neutralized rabies virus in a standard in vitro and in vivo neutralization assay. We showed a high neutralization activity up to 75-fold compared with monovalent format and the WHO standard serum. The gain in avidity resulting from multivalency along with an improved biological activity makes the trivalent scFv50AD1-Fd construct an important reagent for rabies protection. The antibody engineering approach presented here may serve as a strategy for designing a new generation of anti-rabies for passive immunotherapy.