Acute pseudotumor of the orbit

A case is presented of a 22-year-old man with a history of bilateral eye injection, lacrimation, and rhinorrhea. The right orbit was inflamed and its globe proptotic, with medial and lateral gaze deficits. Tomography revealed swelling about the right lacrimal gland. He was admitted and treated with high-dose steroids, which caused regression of his symptoms. This presentation and response to steroids is pathognomonic for acute pseudotumor of the orbit, a condition rarely described in the emergency medicine literature. If left untreated, treudotumor of the orbit may progress to blindness and ophthalmoplegia.     

肺部炎性假瘤的外科治疗（附20例病例分析）

肺部炎性假瘤２０例，其中１例肺癌误诊为炎性假瘤，２例肺炎性假瘤与肺癌并存。炎性假瘤病灶多为单发，分布在两侧不同肺野内，可分为圆结节、不规则形、弥漫浸润及肺不张型。重点讨论本病诊断及外科治疗体会。     

50例肺炎性假瘤的临床病理分析

目的：探讨肺炎性假瘤的病理类型和临床特点；方法：根据1988年(HUNPATHOL)MATSUBRA等分型方法，对50例肺炎性假瘤进行临床病理分析；结果：机化肺炎型23例，纤维组织细胞型16例，淋巴浆细胞型11例；结论：肺炎性假瘤其性质均为良性，男性多于女性，共同的病理特点是纤维母细胞增生、血管增生，组织细胞、淋巴细胞、浆细胞浸润，肺泡细胞增殖。     

膀胱前间隙炎性假瘤临床病理观察及文献复习

目的 探讨膀胱前间隙炎性假瘤的临床病理特征及发病因素，以提高对本病的认识。方法 复习3例膀胱前间隙炎性假瘤的临床特征、组织病理学、免疫表型及相关文献。结果 3例患者均为女性，均为输卵管结扎术后1～2年发现膀胱前间隙炎性假瘤，CT及B超提示膀胱前壁肿块，但膀胱黏膜光滑。术中发现肿块位于膀胱前间隙并累及膀胱前壁。病理检查：眼观为灰白色质韧的结节状肿块，镜下见炎性假瘤的病理特征及不同程度炎症背景，有组织疏松区、黏液样区、部分区域梭形细胞和纤维母细胞排列杂乱，细胞较大，光镜检查时易误诊为肉瘤，但缺乏核异型。3例均成功行肿块连同部分膀胱壁切除术，随访3～5年无复发。结论 膀胱前间隙炎性假瘤形态上需与软组织肉瘤、结节性筋膜炎、术后梭形细胞结节、间质性膀胱炎等疾病相鉴别，既往输卵管结扎术和感染可能是其重要的致病因素。     

Inflammatory pseudotumor of the lung — fibrous histiocytoma type

A 7 1/2-year-old girl with an inflammatory pseudotumor of the lung is presented. The nature of the lesion was not recognized pre-or intraoperatively. The lesion was rubbery, yellowish, and well-defined but not encapsulated. Histologically, a spindle-cell lesion with a storiform pattern and chronic inflammatory-cell infiltrate was seen. The immunological and ultrastructural studies supported an inflammatory origin. The lesion corresponds to the fibrous histiocytoma variant of inflammatory pseudotumor of the lung, as defined recently by Matsubara et al. [17]. This must be distinguished from rare benign neoplasms of the lung such as benign fibrous histiocytoma, leiomyoma, Schwannoma, and histiocytosis.     

An axisymmetric and fully 3D poroelastic model for the evolution of hydrocephalus.

We formulate in general terms the equations for axisymmetric and fully 3D models of a hydrocephalic brain. The model is developed using small strain poroelasticity that includes non-linear permeability. The axisymmetric model is solved for four ventricle shapes, an ellipsoid, a 'peanut' shape, a 'cross' shape and a 'bone' shape. The distribution of fluid pressure, velocity and content in the deformed parenchyma for a blocked aqueduct provides new qualitative insight into hydrocepahlus. Some observations are offered for two forms of cerebrospinal fluid flow abnormality, normal pressure hydrocephalus and idiopathic intracranial hypertension. The model is extended to include a gravitational term in the governing equations and the effect of hydrostatic pressure variation is considered. Results of a fully 3D simulations are described for two horn-like lateral ventricles and one case with two lateral ventricles and a third ventricle.     

Inflammatory pseudotumor of lymph node and spleen: An entity biologically distinct from inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor

Inflammatory pseudotumors (IPTs) of the lymph node and spleen are an uncommon, benign cause of lymphadenopathy and/or splenomegaly that often bear striking clinicopathologic similarities to the inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) found in soft tissues. These tumors have classically been grouped together under the umbrella category of "inflammatory pseudotumor." Recent evidence shows that IMTs are in fact neoplastic processes that often harbor balanced chromosomal translocations involving the ALK kinase gene. These translocations result in expression of ALK kinase in IMTs as assessed by immunohistochemical studies. However, the relationship between IMT and IPT of the lymph node and spleen is uncertain. To determine if ALK tyrosine kinase expression is also present in IPT, 13 cases of IPT (9 involving lymph nodes, 4 splenic lesions) were examined for the presence of ALK tyrosine kinase by immunohistochemical staining on paraffin-embedded tissue. In addition, in situ hybridization studies for Epstein-Barr virus--encoded RNAs (EBER) and immunoperoxidase studies for human herpesvirus-8 (HHV8)--specific proteins were performed. All cases had clinical, morphologic, and immunophenotypic findings typical of IPT and had varying proportions of fibroblastic and inflammatory components. Age ranged from 11 to 75 (median, 40) years; 8 subjects were male, and 5 were female. None of the cases (0 of 13) had positive staining for ALK kinase or HHV8, and in 1 a lymph node (1 of 13) was focally positive for EBV (EBER) by in situ hybridization. The absence of ALK kinase as detected by immunohistochemical studies in IPT of the lymph node and spleen suggests that this entity is biologically distinct from the histologically similar IMT.     

Pseudotumors in Small-Head Metal-on-Metal Total Hip Arthroplasties at a Minimum Follow-Up of 20 Years

BackgroundMetal-on-metal (MOM) surfaces in total hip arthroplasty (THA) have been used widely. Serum cobalt and chromium levels have been the standard investigation for follow-up examinations, but magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with metal artifact reducing sequences has shown good results in detecting pseudotumors. The aim of this study is to survey a significant correlation among MRI findings, serum metal levels, and clinical scores in patients with small-head MOM implants and if serum cobalt and chromium levels are sufficient in detecting patients with pseudotumors in the long-term follow-up.MethodsAt a minimum follow-up of 20 years, 26 patients (29 THAs) of the original 98 patients (105 THAs) included in this study between November 1992 and May 1994 were available for follow-up examination. Clinical scores, serum metal ion levels, and MRIs were obtained.ResultsWe found mean serum cobalt levels of 1.87 μg/L (±3.44) and chromium levels of 2.23 μg/L (±2.96) and very good clinical and functional results (mean Harris Hip Score 88.6) in the long-term follow-up. Pseudotumors were detected in MRIs of 21 hips. There were no significant differences between patients with or without pseudotumors regarding serum metal levels and the correlation for clinical outcome scores, demographic data, and cup inclination. The cumulative rate of survival was still at 91.4% at 22.8 years.ConclusionThis study presents the first published data on small-head MOM hips, comparing metal ion levels, pseudotumors, clinical, and radiological results in a follow-up period of more than 20 years and reveals that serum metal levels are not significantly higher in patients with pseudotumors.Level of EvidenceTherapeutic Level III