从认知语言学角度探讨中医六淫概念隐喻——以湿邪概念为例

从认知语言学概念隐喻理论的角度,以"湿邪"概念为例探讨了中医"六淫"概念隐喻。将中医"湿邪"的特征和致病特点与自然界之"湿(气)"的特征进行类比,认为中医"湿邪"概念的形成来源于自然界之"湿(气)"概念的跨域映射;进一步说明了中医"六淫"病因概念并非实体或具体概念,而是古人在"天人合一"的思想指导下,在身体体验的基础上根据人与自然界相似性的心理联想,不自觉地将自然界中的"风、寒、暑、湿、燥、火"等具体概念通过隐喻的认知手段跨域运用到病因领域而形成的抽象概念。中医"六淫"概念范畴经历了由真实病因向隐喻病因转变的历史过程,具有隐喻的认知特征。     

The Form,Function, and Content of Clinical Supervision:

The theory of clinical supervision is poorly organized and inconsistently described in the literature, and the actual practice of such supervision is rarely addressed. This paper examines principles basic to the provision of clinical supervision across related fields within the human services, and consolidates this work into an integrated model of supervision that identifies its basic requirements. This synthesis can provide a basis for a uniform understanding of the supervisory process and its actual practice, supervisory training, and future reseach.     

The use of metaphors in dance movement therapy

This text focuses on the specific structure of metaphors in terms of movement processes. The processing of symbolic movement material through structures derived from dance as an art form is investigated. Metaphors that support nonverbal attunement between patient and therapist, and how the use of metaphors and creative processes help establish the inter-subjective relation in dance movement therapy are described.     

Why Does the Molecular Structure of Broadly Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies Isolated from Individuals Infected with HIV-1 not Inform the Rational Design of an HIV-1 Vaccine?

It is commonly assumed that neutralizing Mabs that bind to the HIV-1 Env glycoprotein are more specific reagents than anti-HIV-1 polyclonal antisera and that knowledge of the structure of these Mabs facilitates the rational design of effective HIV-1 vaccine immunogens. However, after more than ten years of unsuccessful experimentation using the structure-based reverse vaccinology approach, it is now evident that it is not possible to infer from the structure of neutralizing Mabs which HIV immunogens induced their formation nor which vaccine immunogens will elicit similar Abs in an immunized host. The use of Mabs for developing an HIV-1 vaccine was counterproductive because it overlooked the fact that the apparent specificity of a Mab very much depends on the selection procedure used to obtain it and also did not take into account that an antibody is never monospecific for a single epitope but is always polyspecific for many epitopes. When the rationale of the proponents of the unsuccessful rational design strategy is analyzed, it appears that investigators who claim they are designing a vaccine immunogen are only improving the binding reactivity of a single epitope-paratope pair and are not actually designing an immunogen able to generate protective antibodies. The task of a designer consists in imagining what type of immunogen is likely to elicit a protective immune response but in the absence of knowledge regarding which features of the immune system are responsible for producing a functional neutralizing activity in antibodies, it is not feasible to intentionally optimize a potential immunogen candidate in order to obtain the desired outcome. The only available option is actually to test possible solutions by trial-and-error experiments until the preset goal is perhaps attained. Rational design and empirical approaches in HIV vaccine research should thus not be opposed as alternative options since empirical testing is an integral part of a so-called design strategy.     

Alcohol-Related Domestic Violence

No abstract available for this article.     

Curb Your Embodiment

To explain how abstract concepts are grounded in sensory-motor experiences, several theories have been proposed. I will discuss two of these proposals, Conceptual Metaphor Theory and Situated Cognition, and argue why they do not fully explain grounding. A central idea in Conceptual Metaphor Theory is that image schemas ground abstract concepts in concrete experiences. Image schemas might themselves be abstractions, however, and therefore do not solve the grounding problem. Moreover, image schemas are too simple to explain the full richness of abstract concepts. Situated cognition might provide such richness. Research in our laboratory, however, has shown that even for concrete concepts, sensory-motor grounding is task dependent. Therefore, it is questionable whether abstract concepts can be significantly grounded in sensory-motor processing.     

Eating one's words,Part II: the embodied mind and reflective function in anorexia nervosa—theory

Anorexia nervosa as a psychiatric disorder presents itself through the concreteness of symptoms. Emotions are experienced as a corporeality here‐and‐now. In a companion article, Part I, different ‘body metaphors’ are described and categorised. The human body functions as metaphor, and in anorexia nervosa there is a striking closeness between emotions and different bodily experiences. This is interpreted as impaired ‘reflective function’, referring to the capacity to make mental representations, and is proposed as a central psychopathological feature. The psychodynamic concepts ‘concretised metaphors’ and ‘psychic equivalence’ are discussed as useful tools to better understand such compromised symbolic capacity. Psychotherapy in anorexia nervosa can be described as a relational process where concretised metaphors will be developed into genuine linguistic ones. Part III in this series of articles presents an outline for psychotherapy for anorexia nervosa. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.     

Isolated,relative aproverbia without focal lesion

ABSTRACT

We have seen a patient with a profound, isolated, and quite selective deficit in proverb interpretation—aproverbia. The patient presented to us after an anoxic brain injury with aproverbia. Interestingly, the aproverbia appeared to be premorbid to the presenting event. Furthermore, the patient had no brain lesion that has been associated or even proposed as a cause of deficit in proverb or metaphor interpretation. The patient did have acute bilateral hippocampi lesions and associated severe anterograde amnesia, but he retained good retrograde memory with which he is able to give good, logical but concrete explanations for proverbs. This case highlights the need, importance, and interest in further neuropsychologic, imaging and functional studies of proverb and interpretation in patients and normal subjects populations.     

Maleness and Masculinity

In this article, we explore how session frequency has become an institutionally defining feature of psychoanalysis, and how when an analyst does not insist on frequency, this is often seen as going astray from fundamental psychoanalytic principles. We delve into the history of this debate to help illuminate some of the forces and threats (both internal and external) that have held this defensive phenomenon in place. A case illustration is used to flesh out these considerations.