原位肛门整形重建术的研究

目的：探讨改进的内外括约肌在原位肛门整形重建术中的应用及其手术效果。方法：改进包括：①肛门内括约肌改进为双层双环肌套；②肛门外括约肌改进为股薄肌采用“围巾式”环绕结肠末端一周，其远端剖为两条，一条缝合固定于耻骨韧带；另一条缝合固定于骶尾韧带，即为肛门外括约肌重建和外括约肌浅部和深部的重建。结果：38例术后肛门外形及功能和远期生活质量、生存率均更为满意。术后随访总优良率达94．73％；远期生存率达76．32％。结论：低位直肠癌Miles术后，同时行改进的内外括约肌原位肛门整形重建的效果是可行的，更接近正常的肛门解剖结构和生理功能。     

人era的结构特点分析及其定点突变体的构建

目的：构建最近克隆的人era基因的定点突变体。方法：利用数据库对era的结构特点进行分析，在此基础上用改良的重叠延伸法分别构建人EraN端和C端的定点突变体。结果：获得了分别针对人EraN端TGP结合结构域（位于29－36氨基酸残基）和C端具有RNA结合活性的 KH结构域（位于297－340氨基酸残基）的定点突变体。结论:人era定点突变体的构建为进一步的功能研究奠定了基础。     

食管测压在贲门失弛缓症的应用

目的：研究贲门失弛缓症的食管压力改变及经腹改良Heller手术的疗效。方法：应用SGY－3多功能消化道检测仪对9例贲门失弛缓症术前及其中的7例术后进行食管压力测定,同时与8例健康人对照。结果：贲门失弛症患者的食管体部静息压和下括约肌静息压分别为8．72mmHg和48．17mmHg,显著高于健康人的1．18mmHg和17．52mmHg,贲门失弛缓症患者手术前后食管体部均无原发性蠕动。结论：经腹改良Heller手术能有效缓解贲门失弛缓症的吞咽困难,但不能恢复食管的蠕动功能。     

改良烙法治疗慢性扁桃体炎30例

目的：观察改良烙法治疗慢性扁桃体炎的优势，科学地评价该方法的有效性和安全性。方法取符合纳入观察标准的慢性扁桃体炎患者30例，给予改良烙法治疗，观察治疗前及治疗1个月后扁桃体形态的改变及治疗过程中不良事件发生情况和治疗后半年内扁桃体疼痛危象发作次数等，根据疗效判定标准判断疗效。结果扁桃体形态均较治疗前显著缩小，100%消除其慢性炎症，其中治愈20例，好转10例，治疗后半年内扁桃体疼痛危象发作次数明显减少。结论改良烙法对慢性扁桃体炎的治疗具有良好的疗效，绝对安全可靠。     

Change in quality of life of medically hospitalized patients – A one-year follow-up study

Objectives: To examine changes in quality of life (QOL) among elderly medically hospitalized patients one year after hospitalization, and to explore factors associated with the changes.

Methods: A one-year follow-up study included 363 (175 men) medical inpatients with age range 65–98 (mean 80.2, SD 7.5) years. Information was collected at baseline and follow-up using the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire assessing the physical, psychological, social and environment domain of QOL as the dependent variable, and the Mini-Mental State Examination, Lawton and Brody's scales for physical self-maintenance and instrumental activities of daily living, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale and assistance in living as the independent variables.

Results: The mean score of the physical domain of QOL had increased (mean change 0.6, SD 2.5; p?p?improved health (cognitively, physically and emotionally) after hospitalization, and with health situation at baseline. Being in need of assistance was associated with reduced QOL.

Conclusion: Good cognitive, physical and emotional health at baseline and follow-up were associated with improved QOL in previously hospitalized elderly patients independent of their need for assistance in living.     

Strategies for Preventing Distractions and Interruptions in the OR

Stakeholders in the automotive industry, airline industry, and anesthesia profession have identified critical periods of time in which distractions and interruptions of normal processes can have devastating effects. Just as reducing distractions improves safety in an automobile or airplane cockpit, limiting distractions and interruptions during critical times in the perioperative setting can increase patient safety. We assessed perioperative nurses and identified what they perceived as critical phases of nursing care. We also worked with our anesthesia partners to address their concerns about interruptions during the administration of nerve blocks. The perioperative nurses at our hospital initiated strategies to reduce distractions or interruptions to their practice at critical points, and, in collaboration with surgical committee members, we developed strategies to reduce or eliminate distractions for anesthesia professionals during the preoperative administration of nerve blocks and to eliminate distractions for the RN circulator and scrub person during the final counts.     

自制改良水枕防止早产儿头颅变形的观察及护理

目的观察自制改良水枕在维持早产儿正确舒适的体位,减少头颅、耳廓变形的效果。方法2007年8月～2008年12月将胎龄30～32周,头颅耳廓无畸形、无血肿,无出血症状,使用温箱保暖的100例早产儿根据入院的单双日随机分为对照组和研究组,分别采用传统方法和使用自制改良水枕垫高头颈部,观察比较两组早产儿头颅、耳廓外观、呼吸频率及血氧饱和度改变,观察期为15d。结果两组早产儿头颅、耳廓外观变形存在差异,有统计学意义(P0.01);呼吸频率及血氧饱和度改变差异无意义(P0.05)。结论自制改良水枕可减少早产儿头颅和耳廓变形,从而促进其正常生理机能的发育。     

超声引导改良肋缘下腹横肌阻滞对腹腔镜胆囊切除术术中术后镇痛的影响

目的探讨超声引导改良肋缘下腹横肌阻滞对腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者术中术后镇痛效果的影响。方法全麻下行腹腔镜胆囊切除术60例,随机分为两组。麻醉诱导后一组在超声引导下行改良肋缘下入路的双侧腹横肌平面(TAP)阻滞,注入0.5%罗哌卡因(0.8 m L/kg,A组),另一组全麻后未行TAP阻滞(B组)。两组术后均应用患者静脉自控镇痛(PCIA)进行镇痛。记录两组手术中瑞芬太尼的用量,手术结束时除去喉罩时的平均动脉压(MAP)和心率(HR),术后2、6、24 h视觉模拟疼痛(VAS)评分,PCIA泵术后36 h总用药量和自控镇痛有效按压次数及镇痛期间不良反应的发生情况。结果与B组比较,A组术中瑞芬太尼的用量明显减少(P<0.05),除去喉罩时MAP、HR波动明显减小(P<0.05),术后2、6 h VAS评分A组明显低于B组(P<0.05),PCIA总用药量和有效按压次数A组明显少于B组(P<0.05),A组镇痛期间不良反应发生也明显少于B组。结论超声引导改良肋缘下TAP阻滞能为腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者提供良好的术中及术后镇痛。     

Perioperative safety and short-term efficacy of functional minimally invasive esophagectomy

BackgroundStandard minimally invasive McKeown three-field esophagectomy (SMIE) results in high perioperative risk and poor postoperative quality of life owing to considerable surgical damage and numerous postoperative complications. We created a modified procedure, functional minimally invasive esophagectomy (FMIE), which preserves the azygos arch, bronchial artery, pulmonary branch of the vagus nerve, and the mediastinal pleura. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of FMIE and to determine whether it has limited invasiveness.MethodsBetween 2018 and 2020, FMIE was performed for 48 patients who were compared with 76 SMIE cases; 44 paired cases were matched using propensity score matching.ResultsOperation time, extubation time, and postoperative hospital stay were significantly lower in the FMIE group. FMIE was also associated with fewer pulmonary infections. Postoperative drainage volume on postoperative day (POD) 1 and POD 2, and white blood cell counts on POD 2 and POD 4 were also significantly lower in the FMIE group. There was no statistically significant difference in the number of dissected lymph nodes, short-term recurrence, metastasis rates, or survival rate between the two groups.ConclusionsFMIE is a less invasive procedure and may be a suitable alternative for lower and early middle esophageal carcinoma.