氟维司群可导致血清雌二醇检测的假阳性

目的：大量研究表明,氟维司群是一种新型的雌激素受体(ER)拮抗剂,该药对ER(+)的绝经后晚期乳腺癌病人有良好的治疗效果。氟维司群在化学分子结构上与雌二醇非常相似。本研究旨在观察使用氟维司群治疗的绝经后晚期乳腺癌病人血清中雌二醇的浓度。方法：使用直接化学发光法及高效液相色谱–质谱法(HPLC-MS)测定ER(+)绝经后晚期乳腺癌病人使用氟维司群治疗前1天及治疗后2周血清雌二醇浓度,并检测氟维司群稀释液中的雌二醇浓度。结果：使用氟维司群治疗后,直接化学发光法检测的血清雌二醇浓度明显升高,且氟维司群稀释液中也能检测出处于较高水平的假阳性雌二醇。结论：使用直接化学发光法测量的氟维司群稀释液中可以出现雌激素假阳性结果。     

Oestrogen Receptor-Mediated Modulation of the EGFR/MAPK Pathway in Tamoxifen-Resistant MCF-7 Cells

Oestrogen receptor (ER) levels are usually maintained on acquisition of tamoxifen resistance in the clinic, however, tumour re-growth is associated with increased expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and activation of the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. In the present study we have used the ER down-regulator fulvestrant ('Faslodex') to investigate the influence of the ER on growth of a tamoxifen-resistant (TAM-R) human breast cancer cell line. Expression levels of ER mRNA and protein were equivalent in parental wild-type MCF-7 (WT) and TAM-R cells. Fulvestrant eliminated ER protein expression and inhibited proliferation in both cell lines. The growth inhibitory effects of fulvestrant were associated with a decrease in basal EGFR, c-erbB2 and ERK1/2 activity in TAM-R but not WT cells. ER functionality as determined by oestrogen response element (ERE)-luciferase reporter activity and expression of PgR, pS2 and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF) was significantly reduced in TAM-R compared to WT cells and was further decreased by fulvestrant treatment in both cell lines. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and TGF significantly increased EGFR/MAPK pathway activity in both cell lines. Ligand-induced EGFR/MAPK activation promoted TAM-R cell growth in both the absence and presence of fulvestrant, whereas no proliferative activity was observed under the same conditions in WT cells. These results suggest that the ER modulates EGFR/MAPK signalling efficiency in TAM-R cells possibly through the regulation of TGF availability. This effect may be overcome by the action of exogenous EGFR ligands, which strengthen EGFR/MAPK signalling activity to generate endocrine-insensitive cell growth.     

氟维司群PLA-block-mPEG微球在大鼠体内的药动学研究

分别以嵌段共聚物(聚乳酸-单甲氧基聚乙二醇,分子量比为40 000:2 000)和非嵌段共聚物(聚乳酸-聚羟乙酸,分子量均为40 000,摩尔比分别为75:25、50:50)作为载体材料,采用乳化-液中干燥法制备包载氟维司群的微球.大鼠单剂量(50 mg/kg)皮下注射3种氟维司群微球,采用LC-MS/MS法测定血药浓度,计算药动学参数.结果表明,使用嵌段共聚物制备的微球,药-时曲线较平稳,释放效果较好.     

老年HER2阴性晚期乳腺癌患者应用氟维司群联合瑞博西林治疗的临床观察

目的 观察老年HER2阴性晚期乳腺癌患者应用氟维司群联合瑞博西林的治疗效果.方法 选取在武汉市中心医院新洲院区2017年6月-2019年6月期间进行内分泌治疗的乳腺癌晚期患者150例,依据随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组75例.对照组予以氟维司群治疗,观察组予以氟维司群联合瑞博西林治疗.疗程结束后,评估并比较2组治...     

Oral metronomic cyclophosphamide and methotrexate plus fulvestrant in advanced breast cancer patients: a mono-institutional case-cohort report

Abstract: Fulvestrant is effective in postmenopausal women with estrogen receptor‐positive advanced breast cancer (ABC). So far, no published data exist on fulvestrant combined with chemotherapy. We retrospectively assessed the role of combining oral metronomic cyclophosphamide and methotrexate (CM) to fulvestrant in two cohorts (A and B) of heavily pre‐treated estrogen receptor‐positive advanced ABC patients. From October 2006 to September 2009, 33 postmenopausal patients received fulvestrant 250 mg via i.m. injection q28 days. In A, 20 patients added metronomic cyclophosphamide (50 mg p.o. daily) and methotrexate (2.5 mg p.o. twice daily on day 1 and day 4 weekly) after disease progression, continuing fulvestrant at the same dose. In B, 13 patients started fulvestrant plus metronomic CM upfront. Thirty‐two patients were evaluable for response. Clinical benefit (partial response + stable disease >24 months) for A + B was 56% (95% CI 38–74%). The addition of metronomic CM did not determine relevant toxicities. Treatment with fulvestrant plus metronomic CM was effective in advanced ABC and was minimally toxic providing long‐term disease control in a high proportion of patients. The prolonged clinical benefit, often desirable in such patients, supports this regimen as an additional and useful therapeutic tool.     

阿贝西利联合氟维司群二线治疗激素受体阳性的晚期乳腺癌的药物经济学评价

目的 从中国卫生体系角度评价阿贝西利联合氟维司群对比单用氟维司群二线治疗激素受体(hormone receptor,HR)阳性的晚期乳腺癌的经济性。方法 利用MONARCH 2临床试验公布的生存数据及相关成本和效用数据构建分区生存模型,模型循环周期设为4周,模拟时限为20年,贴现率设为5%。模型的产出指标为成本和质量调整生命年(quality-adjusted life year,QALY),模型评价指标为增量成本-效果比(incremental cost-effectiveness ratio,ICER)。意愿支付阈值(willingness-to-pay threshold,WTP)为2021年中国1~3倍人均GDP(80 976元/QALY~242 928元/QALY)。进行不确定性分析以评价模型结果的稳健性。结果 基础分析结果显示,阿贝西利联合氟维司群同单用氟维司群相比可带来更多的健康获益,但同时总成本更高。增量效用及增量成本分别0.88 QALYs和306 014.57元,两方案相比的ICER值为348 507.45元/QALY。不确定性分析证实了模型结果具有稳健性。当阿贝西利价格降低70%时,阿贝西利联合氟维司群在中国3倍人均GDP下具有经济性的概率>50%。结论 阿贝西利联合氟维司群同单用氟维司群相比在二线治疗HR阳性的晚期乳腺癌患者时不具有成本-效果优势,但在北京、上海等较发达地区,阿贝西利联合氟维司群具有经济学优势。     

Fulvestrant

Fulvestrant, a novel oestrogen receptor (ER) downregulator, is a pure anti-oestrogen which completely blocks the trophic actions of oestrogens without exerting any partial agonist effects. It reduces expression of oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and proliferative and cell turnover indices. The drug is well-tolerated with minimal systemic side effects. Large randomised trials have demonstrated similar efficacy to anastrozole in the treatment of postmenopausal advanced breast cancer. While results of a Phase III trial comparing fulvestrant with tamoxifen as first-line endocrine therapy for postmenopausal advanced breast cancer are awaited, future studies on its role in adjuvant and neoadjuvant settings, as well as in premenopausal women are required. With the role of tamoxifen as the gold standard of first-line therapy being challenged by the third generation aromatase inhibitors, direct comparison of the latter with fulvestrant in the first-line setting may also be worthwhile.     

Clinical and genomic analysis of a randomised phase II study evaluating anastrozole and fulvestrant in postmenopausal patients treated for large operable or locally advanced hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer

Background:

The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of neoadjuvant anastrozole and fulvestrant treatment of large operable or locally advanced hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer not eligible for initial breast-conserving surgery, and to identify genomic changes occurring after treatment.

Methods:

One hundred and twenty post-menopausal patients were randomised to receive 1 mg anastrozole (61 patients) or 500 mg fulvestrant (59 patients) for 6 months. Genomic DNA copy number profiles were generated for a subgroup of 20 patients before and after treatment.

Results:

A total of 108 patients were evaluable for efficacy and 118 for toxicity. The objective response rate determined by clinical palpation was 58.9% (95% CI=45.0–71.9) in the anastrozole arm and 53.8% (95% CI=39.5–67.8) in the fulvestrant arm. The breast-conserving surgery rate was 58.9% (95% CI=45.0–71.9) in the anastrozole arm and 50.0% (95% CI=35.8–64.2) in the fulvestrant arm. Pathological responses >50% occurred in 24 patients (42.9%) in the anastrozole arm and 13 (25.0%) in the fulvestrant arm. The Ki-67 score fell after treatment but there was no significant difference between the reduction in the two arms (anastrozole 16.7% (95% CI=13.3–21.0) before, 3.2% (95% CI=1.9–5.5) after, n=43; fulvestrant 17.1% (95%CI=13.1–22.5) before, 3.2% (95% CI=1.8–5.7) after, n=38) or between the reduction in Ki-67 in clinical responders and non-responders. Genomic analysis appeared to show a reduction of clonal diversity following treatment with selection of some clones with simpler copy number profiles.

Conclusions:

Both anastrozole and fulvestrant were effective and well-tolerated, enabling breast-conserving surgery in over 50% of patients. Clonal changes consistent with clonal selection by the treatment were seen in a subgroup of patients.     

Effect of the oestrogen receptor antagonist fulvestrant on the cirrhotic rat lung

It has been postulated that cirrhosis‐related lung vasodilatation and the subsequent hepatopulmonary syndrome are partly explained by an increased estradiol level through an enhanced endothelial formation of nitric oxide (NO). In this study, we assessed whether the oestrogen receptor antagonist fulvestrant (F) improves cirrhosis‐related lung abnormalities. Cirrhosis was induced in rats by chronic bile duct ligation (CBDL). Four groups were studied: CBDL, CBDL+F, sham, and sham+F. Histological, immunohistochemical, and Western blot analyses were performed on lung samples. In the lung, the endothelial NO synthase and the nitrotyrosine protein expressions were increased in CBDL as compared to sham rats. Both parameters were significantly reduced by fulvestrant in the CBDL rats. Surprisingly, the level of pVASP (an indirect marker of NO formation and action) was decreased in CBDL rats, and fulvestrant had no effect on this parameter. The level of the vascular endothelial growth factor, the diameter of small lung vessels, and the number of macrophages were increased in CBDL lungs in comparison with sham lungs, and these parameters were unaffected by fulvestrant treatment. In conclusion, fulvestrant may not be relevant to improve lung abnormalities in cirrhosis because NO may not be biologically active and because key events contributing to the lung abnormalities are not affected by fulvestrant.