Gliotoxin non-selectively induces apoptosis in fibrotic and normal livers.

BACKGROUND: Liver fibrosis is the common response to chronic liver injury, ultimately leading to cirrhosis. Several lines of evidence indicate that inducing apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) may lead to regression of liver fibrosis. Recently, it was shown that gliotoxin (GTX) induces apoptosis of HSC. However, the clinical use of GTX may be limited because of the lack of cell and tissue specificity, causing a high risk of potentially severe adverse effects. The aim of this study, therefore, was to study the effect of GTX on different cells of the liver. METHODS: We used normal and fibrotic precision-cut rat liver slices to study the effect of GTX on the various resident liver cell types. In these slices, the complex cell-cell interactions are preserved, which closely mimics the in vivo situation. RESULTS: GTX exhibited a potent apoptosis-inducing activity in these slices. Both immunohistochemical stainings and real-time mRNA techniques showed that this apoptosis-inducing effect was seen in HSC. However, Kupffer cells and liver endothelial cells were also affected by GTX, whereas hepatocytes were only mildly affected. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that the apoptosis-inducing strategy to treat liver fibrosis has high potential, but it will be necessary to develop an HSC-specific therapy to prevent adverse effects.     

非断离腹壁韧带腹膜外剖宫产术式探讨

行腹膜外剖宫产术时,在侧脐韧带与中脐韧带之间进行操作,不切断腹壁任何韧带,用撕拉、钝性剥离的方法分离膀胱与腹膜,子宫切口连续缝合两层,并将宫颈前筋膜与子宫切口浅层一并连续缝合.该方法不仅缩短了手术时间,避免了新生儿Apgar's低评分、新生儿窒息的发生,而且维持了腹壁结构的完整性,可进一步降低术后各种近、远期并发症的发生率.     

手术径路对贲门癌远期生存的影响(附353例随访结果分析)

了解手术径路对贲门癌术后远期生存率的影响。方法：对本院353例贲门癌分左胸、上腹及胸腹联合切口三种径路进行手术，术后逐年随访，了解手术径路对贲门癌术后远期生存的影响。结果：全组总1、3、5、10年生存率分别为86．1％、56．7％、49．9％、20．9％。左胸组、上腹组及胸腹联合切口组5年生存率分别为37．6％，46．25％，57．6％。三组间各TNM分期的5年生存率经用加权卡方检验差异并无显著性（P＞0．05）。而肿瘤的浸润深度与淋巴结的转移状况对其预后有显著影响（P＜0．01）。     

重型颅脑损伤患者硬脑膜网状和放射状切开疗效比较

目的 观察重型颅脑损伤患者硬脑膜网状切开和放射状切开的治疗效果.方法 将64例重型颅脑损伤患者采用随机数字表法分为网状组和放射状组,每组32例.两组患者均采用标准外伤去骨瓣减压术治疗,网状组患者硬脑膜采用网状切开,放射状组患者硬脑膜采用放射状切开,观察两组治疗前后颅内压(ICP)及格拉斯哥评分(GCS)变化、并发症发生率、神经功能恢复及格拉斯哥预后评分(GOS)情况.结果 治疗后两组ICP较治疗前显著降低,GCS较治疗前明显好转,治疗后网状组ICP[(16.21±2.17) mmHg比(23.94±2.43) mmHg]、GCS评分[(10.28±2.94)分比(8.71±3.23)分]、预后及神经功能保留均优于放射状组;网状组并发症发生率和治愈率分别为37.5％、40.6％,放射状组并发症发生率和治愈率分别为53.1％、28.1％,两组比较差异有统计学意义.结论 重型颅脑损伤患者硬脑膜网状切开在缓解脑水肿、减少并发症、保留认知及运动功能等方面明显优于硬脑膜放射状切开,值得临床引起足够的重视.     

四肢烧伤患者行急诊负压封闭引流术的疗效观察

目的探究应用急诊切痂植皮配合负压封闭引流术治疗四肢烧伤的临床疗效。方法按随机抽取法将医院2018年2月—2019年1月间收治的57例四肢烧伤患者分为常规组和实验组,常规组28例,实验组29例。给予常规组患者急诊切痂植皮,用常规换药配合治疗,而实验组在常规组的基础上用负压封闭引流术配合治疗。比较常规组患者和实验组患者的临床效果、疼痛程度评分。结果两组患者的总有效率对比,实验组总有效率吗,明显高于常规组的总有效率,实验和常规组差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。常规组患者的疼痛评分高于实验组患者,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论四肢烧伤患者通过应用急诊切痂植皮配合负压封闭引流术治疗后,临床效果得到有效改善,质量生活水平得到提高。     

2种不同微创手术方法治疗良性前列腺增生症的临床观察

目的:观察经尿道前列腺等离子双极电切(TUPKP)与经尿道前列腺单极电切术(TURP)治疗良性前列腺增生症患者的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析我院自2009年10月～2011年10月住院的130例良性前列腺增生症患者,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组各65例。实验组采用TUPKP,对照组采用TURP。结果:实验组和对照组术中、术后手术时间、术中出血量、术后平均住院天数、膀胱冲洗时间以及留置尿管时间,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);实验组和对照组术后半年IPSS评分、QOL评分、残余尿和并发症等指标,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:TUPKP与TURP治疗良性前列腺增生症患者的临床效果相当,经尿道前列腺等离子双极电切术相对更安全,值得临床推广应用。     

鼻内镜下下鼻甲粘膜下吸切术治疗肥厚性鼻炎疗效分析

目的：分析鼻内镜下下鼻甲粘膜下吸切术治疗肥厚性鼻炎的疗效。方法回顾2012年1月—2013年6月该院收治的100例肥厚性鼻炎患者的临床资料,根据手术方法的不同将患者分成对照组和观察组,各50例。对照组采用下鼻甲部分切除术治疗,观察组采用鼻内镜下下鼻甲粘膜下成形术治疗,比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、粘膜恢复时间、鼻腔通气时间以及术后半年的疗效和并发症发生率。结果两组术中出血量、粘膜恢复时间、鼻腔通气时间以及术后半年的疗效比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,且观察组优于对照组,但观察组的手术时间较对照组长,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;两组均无并发症发生。结论采用鼻内镜下下鼻甲粘膜下成形术治疗肥厚性鼻炎,术中出血量和术后并发症少,安全性高,且患者恢复快,临床疗效良好,具有推广应用价值,但手术时间较长,技术上有待提高。     

Optimal survival time‐related cut‐point with censored data

In biomedical research and practice, continuous biomarkers are often used for diagnosis and prognosis, with a cut‐point being established on the measurement to aid binary classification. When survival time is examined for the purposes of disease prognostication and is found to be related to the baseline measure of a biomarker, employing a single cut‐point on the biomarker may not be very informative. Using survival time‐dependent sensitivity and specificity, we extend a concordance probability‐based objective function to select survival time‐related cut‐points. To estimate the objective function with censored survival data, we adopt a non‐parametric procedure for time‐dependent receiver operational characteristics curves, which uses nearest neighbor estimation techniques. In a simulation study, the proposed method, when used to select a cut‐point to optimally predict survival at a given time within a specified range, yields satisfactory results. We apply the procedure to estimate survival time‐dependent cut‐point on the prognostic biomarker of serum bilirubin among patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.