Increased reactivity to chemical but not to heat noxious stimuli in mice producing anti-idiotypic antibodies for substance P

Mice immunized against anti-substance P (anti-SP) monoclonal antibodies produced anti-SP anti-idiotypic antibodies (SPAb2). In a previous report. SPAb2 antibodies were found to have in vitro biological activity i.e. to behave either as agonists or as antagonists for substance P (SP) depending on the biological test. In this study, the involvement of SPAb2 in vivo biological activity has been tested. Because of the possible implication of SP in the generation and transmission of nociceptive information, we have tested the responsiveness of SPAb2 responding mice in behavioral nociceptive tests. SPAb2 mice showed very small behavioral variations in the hot plate test as compared with a control group of mice immunized against an unrelated monoclonal antibody. In the formalin test, however, SPAb2 mice displayed a significant increase in paw licking time, which was significantly correleted with SPAb2 serum concentration. These results are discussed in terms of the use of SPAb2 as pharmacological tools for studying the biological properties of SP receptors and more generally of auto anti-idiotypic antibodies in modulating behavior responses.     

Induction of the anti-ergotypic response

The injection of syngeneic activated T cells into rodents caninduce a T cell response against activation markers of the Tcells, ergotopes. The responding antl-ergotypic T cells havebeen shown to suppress experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE). This paper reports the characteristics of the antl-ergotypicresponse. It was found that irradiated activated T cells wereas good as untreated living activated T cells in inducing anti-ergotypiccells in vivo. Glutardialdehyde-fixed (0.3%) cells were poorstimulators in vivo and non-stimulatory in vitro. Dilution ofglutardialdehyde to 0.003% before fixation preserved the stimulatorycapacity in vitro. Fixation or irradiation of T cells at differenttimes after activation showed that the stimulatory ergotopeappears only after more than 12 h of activation. This ergotopeis not secreted by activated T cells, but is a structural componentof the activated T cell. Injection of solubilized proteins fromactivated T cells, but not of supernatants from activated Tcells, was able to induce an anti-ergotypic response in vivo.In vitro supernatants from activated T cells also were not stimulatoryto anti-ergotypic T cells. The anti-ergotypic response couldbe measured in draining lymph nodes 3 days after injection,reached a maximum after 7–10 days and subsided thereafter.It was earlier and stronger than the anti-ldiotypic response.Induction of the response was dose dependent. As few as 100cells were able to induce a marked anti-ergotypic response.The ease of the induction and the strength of the anti-ergotypicresponse suggest a physiological role in immunoregulatlon.     

Rabies virus binding at neuromuscular junctions

Morphological, immunocytochemical, biochemical, and immunological techniques have been used to describe rabies virus binding to a sub-cellular unit and molecular complex at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Early after infection in vivo, virus antigen and virus particles were found by immunofluorescence, electron microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy in regions of high density acetylcholine receptors (AChR) at NMJs. One monoclonal antibody (alpha-Mab) to the alpha subunit of the AChR blocked attachment of radio-labeled rabies virus to cultured muscle cells bearing high density patches of AChR. A sub-cellular structure, resembling an array of AChR monomers, bound both rabies virus antigens and alpha-Mab. By immunoblotting with electrophoretically transferred motor endplate proteins, rabies virus proteins and alpha-Mab bound to two proteins of 43 000 and 110 000 daltons. A rabies virus glycoprotein antibody detected virus antigen bound to the 110 000 dalton protein. An auto-immune (anti-idiotypic) response followed immunization of mice with rabies virus glycoprotein antigen; the antibody was directed to the 110 000 dalton protein. This auto-antibody altered the kinetics of neutralization by rabies virus antibody and induced the formation of rabies virus antibody after inoculation of mice. These results define, at the neuromuscular junction, a rabies virus receptor which may be part of the acetylcholine receptor complex.     

日本血吸虫单克隆抗独特型抗体NP30诱导保护性免疫

作者应用正交设计观察了单克隆抗独特型抗体NP30主动免疫诱导的保护性免疫力。对照组接种SP2/0 腹水。实验结果表明,根据不同的免疫方案,NP30主动免疫可产生22.36％～50.46％的减虫率,并确定了最优化免疫方案。本文提示NP30主动免疫对尾蚴攻击可产生一定的保护力,具有血吸虫疫苗候选分子的潜能。     

树突细胞介导的独特型瘤苗的体外抗骨髓瘤作用

目的研究树突细胞（DC）介导的独特型瘤苗诱导骨髓瘤抗原特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（CTL）的抗肿瘤免疫反应。方法从多发性骨髓瘤（MM）患者外周血中分离获取DC前体细胞，使用GM-CSF、IL-4与TNF-α诱导分化促成熟。加入MM患者的M蛋白F（ab′），片段（Id），诱导MM肿瘤特异性CTL。光学显微镜下观察其培养过程中形态特征变化，电镜观察其超微结构，间接免疫荧光观察其表型特征，采用MTT法检测致敏DC促自体T淋巴细胞增殖的能力以及患者CTL对自体骨髓瘤细胞的特异性细胞毒杀伤作用。结果 GM-CSF、IL-4和TNF-α配伍可有效地从MM患者外周血单陔细胞中诱导出大量成熟的功能性DC。MM患者自体血清Id冲击致敏的成熟DC能够显著地提高T细胞的增殖能力，并且使幼稚T细胞活化成为肿瘤独特型CTL，各个剂量的CTLs均能够产牛针对自体MM细胞的抑制性杀伤反应。结论 在MM患者外周血中可获得典型的DC，使用负载了Id的DC疫苗能够诱导出有效的抗肿瘤免疫应答反应，以DC为基础的疫苗可能在MM免疫治疗中发挥重要的作用。     

Nanoparticles as a vaccine adjuvant of anti-idiotypic antibody against schistosomiasis

Background The development of new adjuvants for human use has been the focus of attention. This study’s aim is to explore the possibility of using nanoparticle Ca nanoparticles (CA) as a vaccine adjuvant of anti-idiotypic antibody NP30 against schistosomiasis and its protective mechanisms. Methods Nanoparticle CA-NP30 conjugate (CA-NP30) was fabricated. BALB/c mice were immunized actively with CA-NP30 to evaluate its effects of protective immunity on mice. The serum levels of specific IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies against NP30 and the concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-4 in supernatant of splenocytes were determined via ELISA. Results Nanoparticle CA could enhance significantly the protective immunity of NP30 against infection of Schistosoma japonicum and the worm reduction rose from 36.0% (NP30 alone) to 52.6%. The serum levels of specific IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies against NP30 increased remarkably, as compared with those of the group immunized with NP30 alone. The concentration of IFN-γ in supernatant of splenocyte was drastically elevated ［the groups immunized with CA-NP30 and NP30 alone were (493.80±400.74) pg/ml and (39.03±39.58) pg/ml, respectively］, but the concentration of IL-4 showed no significant difference from that of NP30 alone ［(27.94±9.84） pg/ml vs （27.28±14.44） pg/ml］. Conclusions Nanoparticle CA could act as a vaccine adjuvant of anti-idiotypic antibody NP30 against schistosomiasis. The mechanism could be that CA-NP30 enhances humoral and cellular immune responses in mice.     

卵巢上皮性癌抗独特型抗体6B11T细胞表位的鉴定

目的 鉴定卵巢上皮性癌(卵巢癌)抗独特型抗体6B11的T细胞表位,探讨其诱导抗卵巢癌细胞免疫的分子基础.方法 利用表位预测和12结合力分析实验筛选6B11的互补决定区(CDR)人白细胞抗原(HLA)A0201结合肽.以负载肽的抗原递呈细胞刺激HLA-A2阳性的自体淋巴细胞,获得特异性细胞毒淋巴细胞(CTL),经51Cr释放实验确定6B11的CTL表位.以6B11特异性CTL为反应细胞、负载肽的树突状细胞为刺激细胞,经细胞增殖实验确定6B11的辅助性T细胞(Th)表位.经细胞因子含量测定和干扰素(IFN)γ分泌细胞频数分析,进一步验证获得的表位.结果 6B11轻链可变区CDR3肽(VL CDR3)诱导的CTL能杀伤靶抗原阳性的卵巢癌细胞,该杀伤作用能被抗人主要组织相容性复合物(MHC)Ⅰ类分子抗体阻断,具有MHC-Ⅰ类分子依赖性,为6B11的CTL表位.6B11重链可变区CDR3肽(VH CDR3)能诱导6B11特异性CTL的增殖,该增殖作用大部分能被抗人MHC-Ⅱ类分子抗体阻断,具有MHC-Ⅱ类分子依赖性,为6B11 Th表位.6B11及其表位联合诱导的CTL与卵巢癌细胞共育后均分泌高水平白细胞介素(IL)2(分别为1630、1503 ng/L)、IFN-γ(分别为5620、5421 ng/L)和低水平IL-4(分别为253、274 ng/L),且存在特异性IFN-γ分泌细胞,细胞频数分别为196个/1 ×106个T细胞和184个/1×106个T细胞.结论 6B11具有模拟卵巢癌抗原的CTL和Th表位,对于抗独特型抗体作为抗肿瘤疫苗应用具有重要的理论和实践价值.     

Increased activation of lymphocytes infiltrating primary colorectal cancers following immunisation with the anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody 105AD7

BACKGROUND: The anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody 105AD7 mimics the tumour associated antigen 791Tgp72, expressed on 70-80% of colorectal cancers. Phase I studies have shown that the vaccine is non-toxic, and a number of patients have been immunised prior to resection of their primary tumours. AIMS: To assess lymphocyte activation at the tumour site by measuring expression of the alpha subunit of the interleukin 2 receptor (CD25). METHODS: Nineteen patients with primary colorectal cancer were immunised with varying doses of 105AD7 prior to resection of their primary tumours. Samples of normal bowel and tumour edge/centre from 16 patients were available for immunohistochemical staining with a monoclonal antibody against CD25. Samples from a matched control group were also stained. Fresh tumours from 14 immunised patients and 31 unimmunised control patients were disaggregated, and the lymphocytes obtained labelled for CD25. Samples were analysed blindly by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Median infiltration of lymphocytes expressing CD25, measured immunohistochemically, was higher in trial patients, as was the ratio of tumour to normal bowel infiltration. Flow cytometric analysis of fresh tumour from immunised patients showed a significantly higher percentage of lymphocytes expressing CD25 tumour infiltrating lymphocytes than their matched and unmatched controls. DISCUSSION: The alpha subunit of the interleukin 2 receptor is increased on tumour infiltrating lymphocytes, in patients immunised with the colorectal cancer vaccine 105AD7. This suggests a population of activated lymphocytes capable of targeting 791Tgp72 expressing tumour cells, such as circulating micrometastases. 105AD7 may have a role as adjuvant therapy in early stage disease.     

种间抗—HBs的抗独特型抗体诱导特异性抗—HBs

用亲和层析纯化的马抗-HBs 四次免疫家兔,获得含抗-马抗-HBs 的抗独特型抗体血清。该血清反复通过正常马 IgG 偶联的亲和层析柱,除去血清中的抗同型和抗同种异型抗体后,再通过马抗-HBs 偶联的免疫吸附柱,经洗脱获得抗-马抗-HBs 的抗独特型抗体。用纯化的抗独特型抗体免疫两只家兔,四次免疫后,两只家兔都产生了特异性的抗-HBs,其滴度均为1:512。这说明,种间的抗-HBs 的抗独特型抗体也能模拟 HBsAg诱导抗-HBs。     

单克隆抗独特型抗体NP30对血吸虫虫卵肉芽肿细胞凋亡的影响

目的：探索日本血吸虫单克隆抗独特型抗体NP30对血吸虫虫卵肉芽肿细胞凋亡的影响。方法：BALB／c小鼠随机两组，实验组腹腔注射 NP30主动免疫3次，对照组腹腔注射生理盐水，分别在尾蚴攻击感染后第39，49，64，108，112天处死，应用透射电镜观察肝虫卵肉芽肿细胞凋亡的形态改变，流式细胞术（FCM）和末端转移酶介导的缺口末端标记法（TUNEL）检测虫卵肉芽肿凋亡细胞。结果：透射电镜观察虫卵肉芽肿细胞有凋亡小体形成；经FCM和TUNEL检测实验组虫卵肉芽肿细胞凋亡明显多于对照组。结论：细胞凋亡在日本血吸虫虫卵肉芽肿的形成、细胞转化过程中起着重要作用。NP30抗病免疫作用的机制之一是促进虫卵肉芽肿细胞的凋亡。