PACS实施中的RFP模板及其应用

通过结合国内医疗体系的现状和借鉴国际上成熟的PACS实施经验,构建了一个RFP模板.该模板从技术、运作和商务三个方面对PACS实施中的需求进行了讨论,从项目概况、系统组成、系统集成等方面对RFP的主要内容进行了分析,并基于QFD技术形成了层次化结构的UR树.该模板经浙江大学医学院附属第一医院在全院PACS系统的实施中应用,表明,是可行的和有效的.     

三种利福霉素类抗痨药物耐药状况对比分析

目的探讨三种利福霉素类抗痨药物的耐药状况。方法采用鸡蛋固体培养基对168例肺结核患者进行痰结核菌培养,对培养阳性菌株采用绝对浓度间接法对国产利福平、进口利福平及利福喷丁进行耐药检测,以50μg/ml为耐药界限。结果共获得结核分支杆菌54株,其中耐国产利福平者31株,耐进口利福平者36株,耐利喷丁者10株,耐药率分别为57.4%,66.7%和18.5%。利福喷丁耐药率明显低于国产利福平(χ2=17.3382,P<0.0001)和进口利福平(χ2=25.5989,P<0.0001),而国产利福平和进口利福平耐药率无差别(χ2=0.9829,P>0.05)。结论国产利福平和进口利福平耐药状况均非常严重,因此,在临床用药过程中,对国产利福平耐药者不宜以进口利福平代替,而应以利福喷丁替代以保证疗效。     

Adjuvant treatment with tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R reduces recurrence and increases survival after liver metastasis resection in an orthotopic nude mouse model

Colon cancer liver metastasis is often the lethal aspect of this disease. Well-isolated metastases are candidates for surgical resection, but recurrence is common. Better adjuvant treatment is therefore needed to reduce or prevent recurrence. In the present study, HT-29 human colon cancer cells expressing red fluorescent protein (RFP) were used to establish liver metastases in nude mice. Mice with a single liver metastasis were randomized into bright-light surgery (BLS) or the combination of BLS and adjuvant treatment with tumor-targeting S. typhimurium A1-R. Residual tumor fluorescence after BLS was clearly visualized at high magnification by fluorescence imaging. Adjuvant treatment with S. typhimurium A1-R was highly effective to increase survival and disease-free survival after BLS of liver metastasis. The results suggest the future clinical potential of adjuvant S. typhimurium A1-R treatment after liver metastasis resection.     

T7 peptide-functionalized nanoparticles utilizing RNA interference for glioma dual targeting

Among all the malignant brain tumors, glioma is the deadliest and most common form with poor prognosis. Gene therapy is regarded as a promising way to halt the progress of the disease or even cure the tumor and RNA interference (RNAi) stands out. However, the existence of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and blood tumor barrier (BTB) limits the delivery of these therapeutic genes. In this work, the delivery system targeting to the transferrin (Tf) receptor highly expressed on both BBB and glioma was successfully synthesized and would not compete with endogenous Tf. U87 cells stably express luciferase were employed here to simulate tumor and the RNAi experiments in vitro and in vivo validated that the gene silencing activity was 2.17-fold higher with the targeting ligand modification. The dual-targeting gene delivery system exhibits a series of advantages, such as high efficiency, low toxicity, stability and high transaction efficiency, which may provide new opportunities in RNAi therapeutics and nanomedicine of brain tumors.     

Neocortical disruption and behavioral impairments in rats following in utero RNAi of candidate dyslexia risk gene Kiaa0319

Within the last decade several genes have been identified as candidate risk genes for developmental dyslexia. Recent research using animal models and embryonic RNA interference (RNAi) has shown that a subset of the candidate dyslexia risk genes--DYX1C1, ROBO1, DCDC2, KIAA0319--regulate critical parameters of neocortical development, such as neuronal migration. For example, embryonic disruption of the rodent homolog of DYX1C1 disrupts neuronal migration and produces deficits in rapid auditory processing (RAP) and working memory--phenotypes that have been reported to be associated with developmental dyslexia. In the current study we used a modified prepulse inhibition paradigm to assess acoustic discrimination abilities of male Wistar rats following in utero RNA interference targeting Kiaa0319. We also assessed spatial learning and working memory using a Morris water maze (MWM) and a radial arm water maze. We found that embryonic interference with this gene resulted in disrupted migration of neocortical neurons leading to formation of heterotopia in white matter, and to formation of hippocampal dysplasia in a subset of animals. These animals displayed deficits in processing complex acoustic stimuli, and those with hippocampal malformations exhibited impaired spatial learning abilities. No significant impairment in working memory was detected in the Kiaa0319 RNAi treated animals. Taken together, these results suggest that Kiaa0319 plays a role in neuronal migration during embryonic development, and that early interference with this gene results in an array of behavioral deficits including impairments in rapid auditory processing and simple spatial learning.     

携带siANGPTL4重组腺病毒的构建及其对MG63增殖的抑制作用

目的 应用AdEasy腺病毒改良载体系统构建携带siANGPTL4基因的重组腺病毒,进一步研究ANGPTL4基因对骨肉瘤细胞株MG63增殖的影响.方法 将设计的siRNA靶点寡聚核苷酸克隆到pSES-HUS载体构建重组质粒pSES-siANGPTL4,在BJ5183大肠杆菌内与pAdEasy1骨架质粒完成同源重组;经...     

慈姑多糖对异烟肼和利福平联用致损伤小鼠肝细胞凋亡的保护作用

目的探讨慈姑多糖对异烟肼和利福平联用致损伤小鼠肝细胞凋亡基因Bax、Bcl-2表达的影响。方法制造异烟肼(INH)和利福平(RFP)联用小鼠肝损伤模型,HE染色观察肝组织病理变化,筛选慈姑多糖肝损伤体内保护最佳剂量。RT-PCR和Western-blot检测小鼠肝细胞中Bax和Bcl-2的mRNA及蛋白表达。结果与对照组相比,INH/RFP模型组小鼠肝组织形态明显改变,小鼠肝细胞中Bax、Bcl-2的表达上升,Bcl-2/Bax减小(P<0.05);与模型组相比,慈姑多糖各剂量均能减轻INH/RFP所致小鼠肝组织病变,高剂量组改善最明显,作为最佳剂量进行后续实验;小鼠肝细胞中高剂量慈姑多糖组Bax表达下降,Bcl-2的表达上升,Bcl-2/Bax增大(P<0.05)。结论慈姑多糖可以对抗INH/RFP联用致肝损伤,可能与抑制Bax的表达并提高Bcl-2的表达从而减少细胞的凋亡有关。     

线性探针杂交技术在广西百色地区耐药结核病检测中的应用

目的 了解广西百色地区利福平、异烟肼耐药基因的分布情况。评价线性探针杂交技术(LPA)检测耐药结核分枝杆菌的应用价值。方法 利用LPA技术与传统比例药敏试验分别检测496例结核分枝杆菌感染患者痰标本,统计出利福平、异烟肼各个耐药基因的分布情况并与传统比例药敏试验作比较。结果 LPA技术对结核病患者耐多药的检出率和传统比例药敏试验相比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05) 。LPA技术检测耐利福平和异烟肼的灵敏度、特异度分别为97.0%、99.1%和77.8%、 99.5%,耐多药结核病的灵敏度和特异度分别为82.8%和99.8%。本地区利福平耐药基因突变频率最高的是rpoB WT8 占32.4%,其次是ropB MUT3占29.7%;异烟肼耐药基因最常见的突变是 katG WT 占46.8%,其次是katG MUT1 占43.6%。kappa一致性检验评价两种药物耐药性检测方法的kappa值分别为0.965和0.904。结论 广西百色地区结核分枝杆菌利福平的耐药基因以rpoB WT8和ropB MUT3两个位点突变为主,而结核分枝杆菌异烟肼的耐药基因则以katG WT和katG MUT1位点突变多见。LPA技术能快速、准确诊断结核分枝杆菌利福平、异烟肼的耐药性及多药耐药性,LPA技术检测结核分枝杆菌利福平和异烟肼耐药性与传统比例药敏试验具有高度的一致性,LPA检测技术可以大大地缩短检测的时限,辅助临床快速诊断出多耐药的结核菌。     

红色荧光蛋白和荧光素酶双报告基因转基因小鼠的建立

背景与目的:活体动物体内光学成像(optical in vivo imaging)主要采用生物发光与荧光两种技术。生物发光是用荧光素酶(luciferase,Luc)基因标记细胞或DNA,而荧光技术则采用荧光报告基团(GFP、RFP、Cyt及dyes等)进行标记,利用一套非常灵敏的光学检测仪器,能够直接监控活体生物体内的细胞活动和基因行为,生物发光成像具有高的灵敏度和特异性,同时生物发光信号可用于精确定量,而荧光成像具有方便、便宜、直观、标记靶点多样和易于被大多数研究人员接受的优点。本研究基于慢病毒介导的转基因方法制备红色荧光蛋白(red fluorescent protein,RFP)和Luc双报告基因转基因小鼠(即RL转基因小鼠),将这两种技术融为一体。方法:制备携带RFP和Luc基因(简写RL基因)的慢病毒,然后将携带RL基因的慢病毒注入小鼠单细胞受精卵卵周隙以感染受精卵,胚胎移植进假孕母鼠以获得仔鼠,应用小动物活体成像仪、体视荧光显微镜和PCR等在蛋白和DNA水平上筛选和鉴定,并获得RL转基因小鼠。结果:移植卵周隙注射有慢病毒的胚胎125枚给6只假孕母鼠,其中4只假孕母鼠怀孕,共生仔鼠20只;利用小动物活体成像仪检测RFP和Luc表达,在蛋白水平证实20只F0代中,3只高表达RFP和Luc;DNA水平检测证实,3只RFP和Luc阳性的小鼠基因组中确实整合有外源转基因RL,预示基因型鉴定结果很好验证了小动物活体成像仪筛选和鉴定结果。此外,RL转基因首建鼠基因组中整合的RL转基因可稳定遗传至下一代,并能正常表达。RL转基因小鼠主要脏器均可见红色荧光和Luc信号,但不同脏器间荧光和Luc强度有差异。结论:成功制备RL双报告基因转基因小鼠,为后续研究干细胞在肿瘤发生、发展和转移中的作用和造血重构等提供双报告基因标记的各种移植用供体细胞,并对此供体细胞及其在体内衍生的细胞进行灵敏的非损伤、实时可视化体内跟踪。