PCI术后病人的体力活动水平及其影响因素分析研究

目的:探讨经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)术后病人的体力活动水平及其影响因素。方法:选择常州市三级甲等综合医院心内科接受PCI治疗的冠心病病人,收集资料,分析PCI术后冠心病病人体力活动动机、体力活动和自我效能现状;冠心病病人自我效能、体力活动动机与体力活动的相关性,并分析影响PCI术后病人体力活动水平的相关危险因素。结果:共发放调查问卷400份,回收400份,有效率为94.75%(379/400);379例冠心病病人术后每周体力活动为(3570.85±314.19)MET-min,以低、中强度为主;冠心病病人术后自我效能总分、体力活动动机总分与体力活动呈正相关(P<0.05);体质指数(BMI)、PCI次数≥2次、年龄、PCI支架数量≥3枚、自我效能、体力活动动机是影响PCI术后冠心病病人体力活动水平的高危因素(OR>1且P<0.05)。结论:PCI术后病人体力活动水平处于较低的水平,PCI次数、BMI、年龄、PCI支架数量、自我效能、体力活动动机是影响PCI术后冠心病病人体力活动水平的高危因素,临床需针对各高危因素制定相应的干预措施,提高病人体力活动水平。     

Prosthetic treatment in the adult French population: Prevalence and relation with demographic,socioeconomic and medical characteristics

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of dental prosthetic treatment and to investigate the demographic, social, economic and medical factors associated with the use of fixed and removable dentures in a representative sample of adults living in France.MethodsThe data were obtained from the 2002–2003 Decennial Health Survey, a cross-sectional study of a representative sample of the population living in France, which included 29,679 adults. Information was collected by interview. The variables collected were fixed denture, removable denture, age, gender, number of children, area of residence, nationality, educational attainment, family social status, employment status, annual household income per capita, supplementary insurance, chronic disease, eyesight problems/glasses, hearing problems/hearing aids. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to study the relationship between prosthetic treatment and demographic, socioeconomic and medical characteristics unadjusted, adjusted for age and adjusted for all the characteristics.ResultsThe prevalence of prosthetic treatment was 34.6% (95% confidence interval (CI): [34.1; 35.2]) for fixed prosthetic dentures and 13.8% (95% CI: [13.4; 14.2]) for removable prosthetic dentures. We showed a gradient between educational attainment and removable dentures; the odds ratio adjusted for all the variables (aOR) associated with no or primary education compared to post-secondary education was 2.56; 95% CI: [2.09; 3.13]. When annual household income per capita was low, subjects were less likely to report fixed dentures (aOR = 0.68; 95% CI: [0.62; 0.75]) than those with high annual household income per capita. Individuals without insurance less often reported fixed dentures than those with private insurance. Those reporting chronic disease were less likely to report fixed dentures (aOR = 0.87; 95% CI: [0.79; 0.95]) but more likely to report removable dentures (aOR = 1.29; 95% CI: [1.17; 1.43]) than those without chronic disease.ConclusionThis study reveals social, economic and medical inequalities in fixed and removable prosthetic treatment among adults in France.     

不伴红细胞增多的慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者并发肺栓塞的影响因素研究

背景　慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者肺栓塞（PE）发生率显著高于常人，但目前不伴红细胞增多的COPD患者并发PE的机制尚不明确。目的　探讨不伴红细胞增多的COPD患者并发PE的影响因素。方法　本研究为回顾性病例对照研究。收集2017年1-12月在新疆医科大学第一附属医院呼吸与呼吸危重症中心住院治疗的血红蛋白（Hb）≤140 g/L的COPD患者。依据肺多层螺旋CT肺血管成像（CTPA）检查结果将患者分为并发PE组和单纯COPD组。记录患者的年龄、性别、合并症、服用抗血小板或抗凝药物史。采用倾向性评分匹配（PSM）方法，通过二元Logistic回归分析估计倾向性评分值，采用1∶1最邻近原则匹配，卡钳值为0.05，筛选出基线相同的两组病例。记录患者的D-二聚体、血常规检查结果，比较两组间差异；分析不伴红细胞增多的COPD患者并发PE的影响因素，红细胞分布宽度（RDW）与中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值（NLR）的相关性。结果　共纳入病例339例，其中单纯COPD组289例，并发PE组50例。采用PSM方法筛选两组患者，最终得到单纯COPD组、并发PE组各50例进行后续研究。并发PE组患者D-二聚体、中性粒细胞计数（N）、RDW、NLR高于单纯COPD组，淋巴细胞计数（L）低于单纯COPD组（P<0.05）。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示，RDW是不伴红细胞增多的COPD患者并发PE的影响因素〔OR=1.561，95%CI（1.096，2.225），P<0.05〕。Spearman秩相关分析结果显示，不伴红细胞增多的COPD患者RDW与NLR呈正相关（rs=0.225，P<0.05）。结论　RDW升高是Hb≤140 g/L的COPD患者并发PE的危险因素，且RDW与NLR呈正相关。     

死亡结构域相关蛋白及其在宫颈病变中的研究进展

宫颈癌对妇女健康构成严重威胁,人乳头瘤病毒感染与宫颈病变及宫颈癌的发生密切相关。关于宫颈癌发生发展的机制仍在研究中。近年研究发现一种多功能核蛋白,即死亡结构域相关蛋白(death domain associated protein,Daxx),其与细胞内蛋白或病毒蛋白相互作用,参与调节细胞凋亡、转录调控、抗病毒等细胞活动,在不同途径中发挥不同的生理或病理作用。通过对Daxx功能及其作用机制的研究有助于进一步阐明宫颈癌发生发展的机制,有助于发现新的预防和治疗方法。综述Daxx的一般特性和研究现况及其在宫颈病变的研究进展。     

肝内胆管癌肝切除术后“教科书式结局”影响因素分析及预测模型建立

目的 分析肝内胆管癌（ICC）病人肝切除术后“教科书式结局”（TO）的影响因素，构建预测TO评分模型。方法 回顾性分析2011年1月至2017年1月东南大学附属中大医院和中国人民解放军东部战区总医院八一医院收治的261例行肝切除术的ICC病人临床病理资料，分析影响TO的独立危险因素，根据危险因素的权重构建预测TO的评分模型。结果 261例ICC病人中，67例（25.7%）术后发生TO。年龄、肝硬化、手术时间和T分期［第8版美国癌症联合委员会（AJCC）癌症分期］为术后TO的独立预测因素。依此4项因素构建的评分模型显示了较好的预测准确性，最佳截断值为-1.9分，其敏感度为67.2%，特异度为62.9%。一致性检验显示其预测概率和实际发生概率有着较好的一致性（χ2=1.350，P=0.853）。结论 基于年龄、肝硬化、手术时间、T分期4个因素建立的评分模型可较准确地预测ICC病人术后TO的可能性，即手术时间短、无肝硬化、肿瘤直径<5 cm的年轻ICC病人肝切除后获得TO的可能性更大。     

新生儿医用粘胶相关皮肤损伤危险因素分析及其护理对策

目的探讨新生儿医用粘胶相关性皮肤损伤(MARSI)危险因素和护理对策。方法选取2016年4月至2018年5月在本院接受治疗的新生儿483例为研究对象,统计其发生MARSI例数和损伤类型,依据是否发生MARSI将患儿分成MARSI组61例和未发生MARSI组422例,记录患儿温箱、胎龄、抢救台、出生体质量、潮湿多汗、蓝光治疗、感染、留置胃管、禁食、经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管(PICC)、水肿及皮肤干燥情况,对影响患儿发生MARSI的因素进行多因素logistic回归分析。结果患儿皮肤受损类型依次为表皮剥脱伤(6.21%)、皮肤撕裂伤(3.73%)、接触性皮炎1.45%。蓝光治疗、留置胃管、出生体质量<2200 g、胎龄<30周及皮肤干燥为患儿发生MARSI的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论临床新生儿MARSI发生率较高,且影响因素多,医护人员应采用有针对性护理措施,加强防范,以降低新生儿MARSI的发生率。     

A comparison of the relationships between psychosocial factors,occupational strain,and work ability among 4 ethnic teacher groups in China

The present study compared the level of occupational strain and work ability among Han, Hui, Uygur, Hui, and Kazakh teachers, and explored ethnic differences based on the associations of psychosocial factors at work, occupational strain, and work ability. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 2,941 teachers in primary and secondary schools in Xinjiang Province, China. Psychosocial factors, occupational strain, and work ability were measured using the Occupation Stress Inventory—Revised Edition (OSI-R) and Work Ability Index. Han and Hui teachers experienced reduced work ability compared with Uygur and Kazakh teachers, and this finding was caused, in part, by exposure to psychosocial factors at work. The vocational and psychological strains caused by these factors play an important role in reduced work ability among all ethnic teacher groups. The findings indicate the importance of taking action to reduce occupational strain for promoting teachers' work ability in multiethnic workplaces.     

Preoperative Risk Factors Associated With PACU Pediatric Respiratory Complications: An Integrative Review

PurposeThis article reviews state of the science of preoperative risk factors associated with postanesthesia care unit (PACU) pediatric respiratory complications.DesignAn integrative review.MethodsA search of PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane, and Joanna Briggs Institute databases was performed. Thirty-one articles, published between 2006 and 2018, were appraised for quality and the level of evidence using the Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice Model.FindingsThese articles were grouped into the following categories: age, American Society of Anesthesiologists status, gender, airway comorbidities, syndromes, anomalies, pulmonary comorbidities, ethnicity, obesity, neurologic comorbidities, and cardiac comorbidities.ConclusionsEvidence identified significant preoperative and anesthesia risk factors that are associated with PACU pediatric respiratory complications. This article reveals the importance for the perioperative team to identify, assess for, communicate, and develop a management plan for pediatric respiratory complications.     

早期十全大补汤联合肠内营养乳剂治疗胃癌术后(气血两虚证)喂养不耐受临床评价

目的探讨早期使用十全大补汤联合肠内营养乳剂(TP)治疗胃癌术后(气血两虚证)发生喂养不耐受(FI)的影响因素及对营养指标、中医证候积分的影响。方法回顾性分析术后早期行十全大补汤联合TP治疗的80例胃癌术后(气血两虚)患者的病历资料,根据是否出现FI分为耐受组(34例)和不耐受组(46例)。FI的相关影响因素进行单因素及多因素分析,并观察FI对患者营养指标、中医证候积分的影响。结果单因素分析显示,患者术后第1天下床活动时间、开始肠内营养(EN)的时间、使用营养泵、早期灌肠与FI的发生密切相关(P <0. 05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,患者第1天下床活动时间≥2 h[OR=0. 022,P=0. 001,95%CI(0. 002,0. 223)]、使用营养泵[OR=0. 021,P=0. 000,95%CI(0. 003,0. 162)]是FI发生的独立危险因素;术后10 d,耐受组患者白蛋白(ALB)、血红蛋白(Hb)升高水平优于不耐受组(P <0. 05),中医证候积分显著低于不耐受组(P <0. 05)。结论胃癌术后(气血两虚证)患者早期给予十全大补汤联合TP治疗开始后,患者第1天下床活动时间不短于2 h、使用营养泵能有效减少FI的发生,并改善了患者的营养状态,减轻了中医临床症状。