乳腺叶状肿瘤超声特征及与病理对照分析

目的:研究乳腺叶状肿瘤的超声声像图特征,并与病理结果相对照,以期从超声角度提高对本病的认识。方法:分析经病理证实的16例乳腺叶状肿瘤的二维及彩色多普勒超声表现,并与病理结果对照分析。结果:二维图像肿块体积大小范围变化大,形态不规则可分叶,可有包膜,内部多为不均匀弱回声,可有液性暗区。CDFI良性血流0~Ⅰ级,恶性Ⅱ~Ⅲ级,阻力指数偏高。结论:乳腺叶状肿瘤的二维声像图具有一定特点,但无明显特异性,肿块的大小与良恶性之间无明显联系,结合肿块内部囊性变、彩色多普勒超声显示丰富的血流及高速高阻频谱,对提示恶性有意义。     

Phyllodes tumor of the breast with a grossly malignant appearance: A case report

A huge phyllodes tumor of the breast that appeared grossly malignant in a 43-year-old woman is described. The patient suffered from a large breast tumor that suddenly increased in size over 5 months to occupy the entire breast. The tumor was hard, ulcerated and 20 cm in greatest diameter. Diagnostic imaging (US, CT and MRI) demonstrated a circumscribed mass with a large cystic cavity. She underwent total mastectomy under a diagnosis of malignant breast tumor. Grossly, the cut surface of the tumor showed a large cystic cavity surrounding a fleshy, hemorrhagic and necrotic mass with a lobulared or trabeculared appearance. Unexpectedly, benign phyllodes tumor (PT) without any stromal overgrowth was diagnosed histologically. She has been doing well since total mastectomy. In our case and in many other reported cases, PT does not show any distinctive correlation between pathologic findings and tumor behavior. Thus wide local excision is the preferred initial treatment for PT.     

乳腺叶状肿瘤预后因素的统计学分析

目的:探讨乳腺叶状肿瘤的预后因素。方法:对有随访结果的203例肿瘤的15个临床、病理学参数作统计学Log-Rank检验和Cox单及多因素分析。 结果和结论:术式、核分裂、瘤细胞异型性、肿瘤性坏死、瘤组织分化方向、瘤实质内薄壁血管数、单视野内核分裂增多、病理性核分裂、切除后复发、组织学等级和间质细胞密度11个参数为单风险因素,核分裂和肿瘤性坏死是独立的风险因素。     

Coexistence of benign phyllodes tumor and invasive ductal carcinoma in distinct breasts: case report

This report describes a rare case of coexistence of benign phyllodes tumor, which measured 9 cm in the right breast, and invasive ductal carcinoma of 6 cm in the left breast, synchronous and independent, in a 66-year-old patient. The patient underwent a bilateral mastectomy due to the size of both lesions. Such situations are rare and usually refer to the occurrence of ductal or lobular carcinoma in situ when associated with malignant phyllodes tumors, and more often in ipsilateral breast or intra-lesional.     

Phyllodes tumors of the breast: Adjuvant radiation therapy revisited

BackgroundPhyllodes tumors (PT) are rare entity and surgical resection is the cornerstone of treatment. No standard of care exists regarding adjuvant treatment especially radiation therapy (RT).Patients and methodsWe analyzed all patients with non-metastatic, resected phyllodes tumors who presented to our institution from January 2005 through December 2019. Primary study endpoints included local recurrence free survival (LRFS) and overall survival (OS).ResultsOne hundred and eight patients were analyzed (patients with incomplete treatment and follow up data were excluded). Fifty patients had benign phyllodes, 26 patients had borderline and 32 patients had malignant phyllodes. In the benign group, no significant difference in LRFS was observed between patients who received adjuvant RT (n = 3) and those who did not (5-year LRFS 100% vs. 85% respectively, p = 0.49). The 5 year OS for patients who received RT was 60% vs. 89% for those who did not (p 0.40). In the borderline/malignant group, adjuvant RT significantly improved five year LRFS (90% in the RT group vs. 42% in the no RT group, p = 0.005). The 5 year LRFS in patients treated with margin negative breast conserving surgery and RT was 100% vs. 34.3% in patients who did not receive RT (p 0.022). Patients treated with mastectomy and RT had a 5 year LRFS of 100% vs. 83% for patients who did not receive RT (p 0.24). On multivariate analysis, radiation therapy was independently associated with decreased hazard of local failure (HR 0.21, CI 0.05–0.89, p = 0.03). No difference in OS was found between the RT and no RT groups (5-year OS was 52% vs. 45% respectively, p 0.54).ConclusionThe results of the current study confirm the excellent prognosis of benign phyllodes tumors; warranting no further adjuvant treatment after margin-negative surgical resection. For patients with borderline/malignant phyllodes tumors, adjuvant radiation therapy significantly improved LRFS after margin negative wide local excision; however, patients treated with mastectomy did not attain the same benefit from adjuvant irradiation.     

Value of Conventional MRI Texture Analysis in the Differential Diagnosis of Phyllodes Tumors and Fibroadenomas of the Breast

BackgroundThere is substantial overlap in MRI findings between phyllodes tumors (PTs) and fibroadenomas (FAs). Our study was performed to investigate the value of conventional MRI texture analysis in the differential diagnosis of PTs and FAs.MethodsPreoperative MRI data − including axial T1WI, T2WI_FS (T2WI with fat suppression), dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-T1WI_2min and DCE-T1WI_7min (T1WI post-strengthened for 2 and 7 min, respectively, on DCE-MRI) − of 45 patients with PTs and 67 patients with FAs were retrospectively analyzed. MaZda 4.7 software was used to manually draw the maximum ROIs at the same lesion level of the above MRI images. The optimized feature selection methods included Fisher''s coefficient, probability of classification error and average correction coefficient (POE + ACC), and mutual information (MI) as well as a combination of the above 3 methods (F + POE + ACC + MI [FPM]), respectively. The misclassification rates of PTs and FAs were compared between texture analysis and subjective diagnosis by radiologists.ResultsThe DCE-T1WI_7min images had the lowest misclassification rate of 10.71% (12/112). The misclassification rate for the radiologists'' analysis (31.25%, 35/112) was higher than that of all the texture analysis, and there was a statistically significant difference between the radiologists'' misclassification rates and those from the FPM method in terms of the T2WI_FS and DCE-T1WI_2min images (all p < 0.05), and for the DCE-T1WI_7min images by using the Fisher and FPM methods (all p < 0.05).ConclusionTexture analysis of conventional MRI can be used as an assistant tool in providing a certain objective basis for differentiating PTs from FAs.     

Adrenal metastasis of a phyllodes tumor of the breast: Case report and review of the literature

INTRODUCTIONA phyllodes tumor is a neoplasm of mixed mesenchymal and epithelial origin affecting the breast. It may pursue a benign or malignant evolution with distant metastases in the latter case. Sites most commonly affected by metastases are the lungs and bones. Simple mastectomy is the mainstay of treatment. This article presents the first described case of metastasis to the adrenal gland after sarcomatous transformation of a phyllodes tumor. A review of the literature is presented afterwards.PRESENTATION OF CASEA 57-year old female patient presented with a voluminous breast mass which was completely resected. Unfortunately she presented with malignant recurrence in the breast which was also resected. A later recurrence within the lung presented and was completely resected but showed aspects of sarcomatous changes. Finally a recurrence was pathologically documented within the adrenal gland. Unfortunately, disease later progressed and the patient refused further treatment at that point.DISCUSSIONWhile malignant transformation of breast phyllodes tumors and metastasis is relatively common, the prognosis for initially benign lesion that are completely excised is usually good. This case represents the first documented metastasis to the adrenal gland of a breast phyllodes tumor.CONCLUSIONWe presented the first case of adrenal metastasis of a phyllodes tumor after sarcomatous degeneration. This is an unusual presentation of a relatively uncommon but well-recognized disease of variable malignant potential.     

超声造影在乳腺叶状肿瘤与纤维腺瘤鉴别诊断中的价值

目的探讨超声造影在乳腺叶状肿瘤与纤维腺瘤鉴别诊断中的应用价值。 方法选取我院病理诊断明确且术前进行过超声造影检查的患者（叶状肿瘤23例、纤维腺瘤57例）,回顾性分析其超声造影表现,采用χ²检验或t检验分析乳腺叶状肿瘤与纤维腺瘤在超声造影表现和病理中微血管密度间的关系。 结果乳腺叶状肿瘤与纤维腺瘤比较,边界是否清晰,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,而增强顺序、增强强度、均匀性三者比较,差异均有统计学意义（χ²=22.960、24.419、4.901,P均<0.05）。叶状肿瘤的超声造影表现为增强后边界清晰、散在的离心性不均匀低增强。纤维腺瘤超声造影表现为增强后边界清楚、向心性均匀高增强。 结论超声造影对乳腺叶状肿瘤与纤维腺瘤有一定的鉴别诊断价值,可为临床手术方法的选择提供参考。