维生素C工艺节能减排技术研究

维生素C生产具有流程长、工艺复杂、能耗高、排污量大且难处理等特点;作者通过多年的维生素C工程设计经验和对维生素C行业的关注,对近年来维生素C工业生产中的新技术、新工艺、新设备从节能减排的角度进行了总结研究,希望对以后的工程设计和实施有所帮助.     

巴斯德处理后坐骨神经再生的组织学研究

目的　观察大鼠坐骨神经经巴斯德温热处理后 ,在组织形态学方面的变化。　方法大鼠 12mm长左侧坐骨神经 ,进行 6 0℃、30min的巴斯德处理。分为处理后 1周群、6周群 ,各群分别为 15只。计算各群对照部 (处理部起的中枢 )、处理部以及末梢部 (处理部起的末梢 )中有髓轴突数、有髓轴突直径和有髓轴突面积比率 ,并用电生理和透射电镜进行组织形态学检查。　结果　(1)有髓轴突数 :1周群中 ,末梢部较对照部显著减少 (P <0 .0 1) ;末梢部中 ,6周群比 1周群显著增加 (P <0 .0 1)。 (2 )有髓轴突直径 :1周群中 ,末梢部较对照部显著减小 (P <0 .0 1) ;末梢部中 ,6周群比 1周群显著增大 (P <0 .0 1)。 (3)有髓轴突面积比率 :1周群中 ,末梢部较对照部显著减小 (P<0 .0 1) ;末梢部中 ,6周群比 1周群显著增大 (P <0 .0 1)。 (4 )肌电图 :处理后 1周与正常相比 ,神经传导速度明显延长 ,延长幅度为 13.2 % ;动作电位幅度明显降低 2 .95倍 (3.7mV)。处理后 6周与正常相比 ,神经传导速度仍然有明显延长 ,延长幅度为 8.3% ;6周后动作电位幅度已经恢复正常。 (5 )透射电镜 :1周群处理部中 ,髓鞘明显分层、增厚而凝固坏死 ,轴浆显著减少 ,雪旺细胞基底膜、神经外膜发生变性。 6周群末梢部中 ,显示多数再生有髓轴突。　结论     

Osmolality of a fortified human preterm milk: The effect of fortifier dosage,gestational age,lactation stage,and hospital practices

Objective

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dose-dependent effect of human milk fortifier (HMF) on the osmolality of various preterm human milks (PHMs) at different gestational and lactation stages, and with different storage and treatment conditions that are routinely used in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).

Improved growth of preterm infants receiving mother's own raw milk compared with pasteurized donor milk

Aim: To determine whether growth, feeding tolerance and infectious events of preterm infants is related to the proportion of intake of mother’s own raw milk (maternal milk) versus pooled pasteurized banked breast milk (donor milk). Methods: This is a prospective observational study of 55 premature infants born less than 32 weeks of gestational age admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at the Children’s Hospital of Toulouse during two 6‐month periods from 2003 to 2005. Enrolled infants were exclusively on enteral feeds with maternal milk ± donor milk. Results: Mean gestational age was 28.6 weeks (SD 1.5) and mean birth weight 1105 grams (SD 282). During the time of exclusively breast milk feeds, weight gain (g/kg/day) was correlated to the proportion of maternal milk consumed (p = 0.0048, r = 0.4). Necrotizing enterocolitis was inversely correlated to the amount of maternal milk. The amount of maternal milk did not impact on infectious events. Conclusion: Mother’s own raw milk improves weight gain compared with donor milk in preterm infants. Lactation strategies should be sought that helps mothers to increase their milk production.     

Benefits of maternal and donor human milk for premature infants

Nutrition support of the premature infant must be designed to compensate for metabolic and gastrointestinal immaturity, immunologic insufficiency, and the demands of associated medical conditions. The beneficial effects of human milk extend to the feeding of premature infants. While human milk enhances immunity, nutritional concerns arise because the milk may not meet the expanded nutrient requirements of the very low birth weight (VLBW, less than 1500 g) premature infant. Human milk fortifiers are available to provide optimum nutrition. This review summarizes the benefits and limitations of human milk for the premature infant.     

Enteral nutrition for premature infants: the role of human milk

Nutrition support of the premature infant must be designed to compensate for metabolic and gastrointestinal immaturity, immunologic insufficiency, and the demands of associated medical conditions. The beneficial effects of human milk extend to the feeding of premature infants. Although human milk enhances immunity, nutritional concerns arise because the milk might not meet the expanded nutrient requirements of very low birth weight premature infants. Human milk fortifiers are available to provide optimum nutrition. This chapter summarizes the benefits and limitations of human milk for the premature infant.     

Pasteurization of mother's own milk reduces fat absorption and growth in preterm infants

AIM: A randomized study was conducted to evaluate whether pasteurized milk (Holder pasteurization 62.5 degrees C, 30 min) reduces fat absorption and growth in preterm infants. METHODS: Preterm infants (825-1325 g) born with gestational age < or =30 weeks were randomized into two groups, of which one started with pasteurized own mother's milk for 1 week and continued with raw milk the following week, and a second group was fed in reverse order. By using this design the infants served as their own controls. At the end of each week, a 72-h fat balance was performed and growth was monitored. RESULTS: We found, on an average, 17% higher fat absorption with raw as compared to pasteurized milk. Infants gained more weight and linear growth assessed as knee-heel length was also greater during the week they were fed raw milk as compared to the week they were fed pasteurized milk. CONCLUSION: Feeding preterm infants pasteurized as compared to raw own mother's milk reduced fat absorption. When the infants were fed raw milk, they gained more in knee-heel length compared to when they were fed pasteurized milk.