National hospital data for intussusception: Data linkage and retrospective analysis to assess quality and use in vaccine safety surveillance

ObjectivesTo assess the quality of national Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) data for intussusception, and evaluate this routinely collected database for rotavirus vaccine safety surveillance by estimating pre-vaccination trends in intussusception hospitalisation.MethodsData linkage was performed between HES and prospective intussusception data from the British Paediatric Surveillance Unit (BPSU), followed by capture–recapture analysis to verify HES data quality. Inclusion criteria were infants aged less than 12 months and admitted for intussusception to National Health Service (NHS) hospitals in England from March 2008 to March 2009. To estimate pre-vaccination incidence rates of intussusception, we performed a retrospective analysis of HES data. Infants aged less than 12 months and admitted for intussusception to NHS hospitals in England between 1995 and 2009 were included.ResultsData linkage between 254 cases of intussusception identified in HES data and 190 cases reported via the BPSU resulted in 163 cases common to both data sources. Of remaining 91 cases in HES, 37 had confirmed intussusception. HES data accuracy was 78.7% (200 confirmed/254 cases) and completeness for intussusception was 86% (163 matched/190 BPSU cases) compared to 81.5% (163 matched/200 HES cases) for BPSU. A total of 233 (95% CI: 227.4 to 238.8) intussusception cases were estimated for the infant population (2008 to 2009). For retrospective analysis, of 6462 intussusception admissions in HES data (1995 to 2009), 1594 (24.7%) were duplicate admissions. A declining trend in intussusception incidence was observed in the infant population, from 86/100,000 in 1997 to 34/100,000 in 2009 (60% reduction, P < 0.001). Cosinor modelling showed an excess of cases among infants in winter and spring (P < 0.001, n = 4957, 1995 to 2009).ConclusionNational hospital data capture the majority of admissions for intussusception and should be considered for the post-implementation surveillance of rotavirus vaccine safety in England.     

术前口服营养补充对食管癌患者术后并发症及营养状况的影响

目的：探讨术前口服营养补充对存在营养风险的食管癌患者术后并发症、住院时间、住院费用及围术期营养状况等指标的影响。方法：选择江苏省中医院行食管癌根治术,术前NRS2002（nutritional risk screening）评分≥3分的患者60例,随机分为对照组和实验组。对照组术前给予普通半流饮食。实验组术前除给予普通半流饮食外,另给予1周的口服营养补充（热量900 kcal/d,蛋白质32 g/d）。 记录患者术前一般基线资料及术后恢复指标,包括术后并发症发生率、术后引流量、术后通气时间、输入白蛋白及输血的情况、住院时间及花费;观察围术期血清学营养指标的变化情况,包括术前、术后（1、3、5、7 d）的血清白蛋白、前白蛋白、转铁蛋白、视黄醇结合蛋白的水平。结果：实验组术后并发症的发生率显著低于对照组(16.7% vs. 40.0%, P＜0.05),尤其是肺部并发症(6.7% vs. 30.0%,P＜0.05)。实验组患者术后白蛋白的输入量显著少于对照组［(58.0±14.9)mL vs. (76.5±37.9)mL, P＜0.05)］,术后住院时间［(15.7±4.3)d vs. (18.8±5.1)d, P＜0.05］及总住院时间［(22.7±5.7)d vs.(25.8±5.1)d, P＜0.05］均显著短于对照组,住院费用也显著少于对照组［(66 290.8±9 922.3)元 vs. (72 491.8±12 535.1)元, P＜0.05］。两组患者的血清学营养指标包括白蛋白、前白蛋白、转铁蛋白、视黄醇结合蛋白均表现为术后较术前显著性下降(P＜0.05),术后第3天达到最低点,此后出现缓慢上升,然而到了术后第7天仍显著低于术前水平(P＜0.05)。实验组术后1、3、5、7 d的前白蛋白水平显著高于相应对照组(P＜0.05),术后1、3、7 d的视黄醇结合蛋白水平亦显著高于对照组( P＜0.05)。结论：给予有营养风险的食管癌患者实施术前1周的口服营养补充可以显著改善其围术期营养状态,降低术后并发症、住院时间及住院费用,是一种简单易行、有效的营养支持方式。     

Endnotes

Books reviewed:
Ahmad, W., Darr, A., Jones, L. and Nisar, G., Deafness and Ethnicity. Services, Policy and Politics
Chamba, R., Ahmad, W., and Jones, L., Improving Services for Asian DeafChildren
Read, J. and Reynolds, J. (eds), Speaking our Minds. An Anthology
Wiener, C.L. and Strauss A.L. (eds), Where Medicine Fails     

Mortality variations in England and Wales between types of place: an analysis of the ONS longitudinal study. Office of National Statistics

This study investigates the extent to which individuals, in England and Wales, in different types of place experience differential mortality once account is taken of personal (individual and household) social circumstances. Data comes from the Longitudinal Study of England and Wales of the Office of National Statistics, the respondents being a one percent national random sample of people aged between 25 and 74 at the 1971 census, followed until the end of 1985. For males and females separately, differences in mortality are found for the 36 types of Craig-Webber classification in models which include, at the individual level, a number of demographic and socio-economic variables (women being classified by their own occupation). In general, for both males and females, the same types of place have elevated or lowered mortality. For males a (cross-level) interaction exists between the proportion in the area in professional social classes and individual social class, the effects of individual social class being larger in areas containing a higher proportion of those in professional occupations. For females mortality is negatively related to the proportion of car-ownership in the area.