Enhancing medical radiation science education through a design science research methodology

Recently, there has been a call for research-informed and research-developed practice in health sciences education. This prompts the consideration of alternative suitable research approaches that could be used to enhance health sciences education practice, including medical radiation sciences education (MRSE) practice. In this discussion paper, the authors uphold design science research (DSR) methodology as a suitable research approach to enhance MRSE practice and research. An overview of the DSR methodology and an example of a project that used DSR methodology are presented to demonstrate the application of this methodology in MRSE practice and research. The paper concludes that the use of DSR methodology could be instrumental in addressing practice related challenges while developing a theoretical contribution to the discipline.     

Stress und Grundregulation – Wirkungsweise von Akupunktur und Neuraltherapie

Stress is a general reaction to any burden on the body. If such a process becomes chronic, stress-based diseases develop which are hard to treat. The stress cycle in the hypothalamus-hypophysis-suprarenal glands disturbs the bio-psycho-social circuit, which is in a feedback loop with controlled and uncontrolled stress converting processes. This is coupled with the reactivity of the extracellular matrix (ECM) embedded in this circuit. Two “breaks” are installed in the ECM to keep stress reactions under control: The non neuronal acetylcholin system (NNAChS) and the system of endogenous endocannabinoids. Both systems have a limiting effect on pathological increased sympathetic effects raised by stress. Acupuncture stimulates the parasympathicus and NNAChS while neural therapy augments the endocannabinoid system, resulting in slower sympathetic actions.     

Modifying Effects of Various Chemicals on Preneoplastic and Neoplastic Lesion Development in a Wide-spectrum Organ Carcinogenesis Model Using F344 Rats

Modifying potentials of various chemicals on tumor development were investigated in a wide-spectrum organ carcinogenesis model using male F344/DuCrj rats. The animals were treated with N-nitroso-diethylamine (100 mg/kg body weight, ip, single injection at the commencement of the study), N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (20 mg/kg body weight, ip, 4 times during weeks 1 and 2) and N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine (0.1% in drinking water, during weeks 3 and 4) for multi-organ initiation and then were given one of 14 test chemicals including 6 hepatocarcinogens, 7 non-hepatocarcinogens and 1 non-carcinogen, or basal diet for 16 weeks. All rats were killed at the end of week 20, and the major organs were carefully examined for preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions. Immunohistochemical demonstration of glutathione S -transferase-positivc foci was also used for quantitative assessment of liver preneoplastic lesion development. Modifying effects were shown for 11 out of 14 test agents in the liver, forestomach, glandular stomach, lung, urinary bladder or thyroid, 7 of them targeting more than two organs. This was the first demonstration to our knowledge that cloflbrate possesses enhancing potential for urinary bladder carcinogenesis and an inhibiting effect on thyroid carcinogenesis. Caprolactam showed no effect in any organ, in agreement with its established inactivity. The results indicated that the system could be reliably applied as a medium-term multiple organ bioassay for assessment of the modification potential of test agents in unknown target sites.     

应用电泳技术分析飞行员富含三酰甘油脂蛋白亚组分及其代谢特征

目的 分析富含三酰甘油脂蛋白(TRLs)分子组成及其代谢特征.方法应用脂蛋白电泳技术,对30例飞行员空腹和脂肪负荷餐后血浆做脂蛋白分析,以扫描图面积表示各亚组分构成,观察脂蛋白亚组分变化特点.结果 30例飞行员TRLs清除延迟发生率46.67%.TRLs分子脂蛋白亚组分由极低密度脂蛋白(VLDL)、中密度脂蛋白(IDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、乳糜微粒(CM)和脂蛋白a[LP(a)]组成.TRLs清除延迟典型扫描图特征为LDL左侧区面积增高,呈双峰或多峰.LDL、VLDL区面积增高,伴有高密度脂蛋白(HDL)面积降低.结论 高三酰甘油血症致动脉粥样硬化作用是在代谢水平异常所致的TRLs清除延迟,TRLs清除延迟是核心环节.     

Semiconductor manufacturing: an introduction to processes and hazards

Recent studies suggest that semiconductor workers have an increased incidence of work-related illness. Semiconductor manufacturing is a chemically intensive industry involving many potentially hazardous operations. As this industry moves into new geographic areas, health care professionals will be asked to evaluate medical or workplace conditions associated with unfamiliar and complex production processes. This paper provides an overview of semiconductor manufacturing processes for these health practitioners. Each step of device fabrication is detailed with its attendant chemical and physical hazards. Broader concepts of industrial control technology, clean room ventilation, and ergonomics are explained. The hazards are tabulated to allow rapid assessment of the risks inherent to each processing step. References have been chosen to guide the reader to more indepth information.     

Optimal control of non‐linear chemical reactors via an initial‐value Hamiltonian problem

The problem of designing strategies for optimal feedback control of non‐linear processes, specially for regulation and set‐point changing, is attacked in this paper. A novel procedure based on the Hamiltonian equations associated to a bilinear approximation of the dynamics and a quadratic cost is presented. The usual boundary‐value situation for the coupled state–costate system is transformed into an initial‐value problem through the solution of a generalized algebraic Riccati equation. This allows to integrate the Hamiltonian equations on‐line, and to construct the feedback law by using the costate solution trajectory. Results are shown applied to a classical non‐linear chemical reactor model, and compared against suboptimal bilinear‐quadratic strategies based on power series expansions. Since state variables calculated from Hamiltonian equations may differ from the values of physical states, the proposed control strategy is suboptimal with respect to the original plant. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

嗅神经母细胞瘤的临床病理及超微结构观察

本文报道了12例嗅神经母细胞瘤的临床病理及其中2例的超微结构特点。光镜观察结果,12例均可见细胞之间由细胞突起形成的嗜酸性背景,有4例可见Flexner菊形团、7例见Homer-Wright菊形团(其中3例同时存在Flexner菊形团);电镜观察结果,细胞具有轴突样和树突样突起,胞体及突起内含微管、神经细丝及神经分泌颗粒,细胞突起之间见突触样的连接。作者并对该瘤的诊断问题进行了探讨。     

Astrocytoma and Schwann cells in coculture

Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is the principal intermediate filament protein found in mature astrocytes. Although the exact function of GFAP is poorly understood, it is presumed to stabilize the astrocyte’s cytoskeleton and help in maintaining cell shape. Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that when astrocytes were cocultured with primary Schwann cells (pSCs), astrocytes became hypertrophied and fibrous with intensely positive GFAP staining and segregated Schwann cells (SCs) into pockets. In order to understand the functional role of GFAP in this already established astrocyte-SC coculture model, we generated GFAP-negative cell lines from a GFAP-positive astrocytoma cell line and cocultured both the cell lines with pSCs. Our studies demonstrate that the GFAP-positive cell line put out processes toward the SCs, whereas the GFAP-negative cells did not form processes and the majority of the cells remained round. The most significant and interesting finding of this study, however, is the formation of elaborate processes by SCs when grown in coculture with the astrocytoma cells, unlike SCs cultured alone, which showed their typical bipolar spindle-shaped morphology. The extent of processes did not seem to be dependent on GFAP, since SCs cultured with both the cell lines formed similar processes. This coculture model may be useful in elucidating the factor(s) responsible for the formation of processes by SCs and can be further help in our understanding of the mechanism of morphological transformation of SCs.     

老年高血压相关性衰弱的发病机制及运动干预机制的研究进展

随着我国老龄化进程的进一步加剧,衰弱作为常见的老年综合征已成为备受关注的公共卫生问题。高血压与衰弱常共存于老年人,导致出现多种不良健康结局。本文分析了老年高血压相关性衰弱的流行现状及发病机制,包括炎性反应、氧化应激反应、胰岛素抵抗及激素代谢紊乱等,总结了运动干预改善高血压相关性衰弱的可能作用途径,并发现目前关于高血压相关性衰弱的运动作用机制类研究仍然缺乏,而且不同类型的运动干预形式对机体的作用机制也存在一定差异性,未来可以进一步探讨不同的运动干预形式对高血压相关性衰弱的作用靶点及干预效果的不同。