Mammaplasty: Shape,volume, and scar size

Recently many mammaplasty techniques have been presented with special attention paid to the resulting scar's size and its position. The surgeon should try to hid the scar, and if the inverted T incision is used, its horizontal branch should be as short as possible and kept in the breast area. Neverthelss, excessive concern about the final scar size should not interfere with the final results of the mammaplasty as far as shape, volume and lasting results are concerned. The author presents his experience in mammaplasty with respect to the volume, the shape, and the scar size interrelationships.     

中国妇女乳房乳晕乳头比例的测定及相关因素分析

目的为塑造自然、匀称而具有美感的乳房提供参考和依据。方法对45例22~45岁、对自己乳房满意且无乳房手术史的女性志愿者,分别测量体重、身高、乳头直径、乳晕直径、胸乳线(乳头至胸骨切迹连线距离)、乳房内侧半径(乳头至乳房下皱襞内侧止点连线距离)、乳房外侧半径(乳头至乳房下皱襞外侧止点连线距离)、乳房下半径(乳头至乳房下皱襞最低点连线距离)。以乳房外侧半径长度作为乳房大小参考指标,由此计算和确定乳房、乳晕、乳头之间的比例,并对可能影响其变化的年龄、体重、身高等因素进行研究分析。结果该组样本显示中国妇女乳房与乳晕之比约为3.7∶1.0,乳晕乳头之比约为3.4∶1.0。体重、体重指数与乳房大小、乳晕乳头比例之间呈正相关,具有显著的统计学意义;而年龄、身高的影响在该样本中并未显现。结论乳房与乳晕、乳头间具有一定的合适比例,体重和肥胖可能是影响该比例关系的因素。乳房、乳晕、乳头比例的确定对东方妇女的乳房整形和再造具有美学价值,可被用于手术中对乳房大小的理想化设计和预测。     

Cost-utility analysis of four common surgical treatment pathways for breast cancer

BackgroundThe aim was to evaluate the cost-utility of four common surgical treatment pathways for breast cancer: mastectomy, breast-conserving therapy (BCT), implant breast reconstruction (BR) and autologous-BR.MethodsPatient-level healthcare consumption data and results of a large quality of life (QoL) study from five Dutch hospitals were combined. The cost-effectiveness was assessed in terms of incremental costs and quality adjusted life years (QALYs) over a 10-year follow-up period. Costs were assessed from a healthcare provider perspective.ResultsBCT resulted in comparable QoL with lower costs compared to implant-BR and autologous-BR and showed better QoL with higher costs than mastectomy (€17,246/QALY). QoL outcomes and costs of especially autologous-BR were affected by the relatively high occurrence of complications. If reconstruction following mastectomy was performed, implant-BR was more cost-effective than autologous-BR.ConclusionThe occurrence of complications had a substantial effect on costs and QoL outcomes of different surgical pathways for breast cancer. When this was taken into account, BCT was most the cost-effective treatment. Even with higher costs and a higher risk of complications, implant-BR and autologous-BR remained cost-effective over mastectomy. This pleas for adapting surgical pathways to individual patient preferences in the trade-off between the risks of complications and expected outcomes.     

Experiencias de mujeres jóvenes colombianas mastectomizadas: un estudio etnográfico

ObjectiveTo explore the experiences of a group of young women in relation to the reconstruction of their breasts after mastectomy.MethodFocused ethnography, performed in the League against Cancer- Huila Section (Colombia). Through casual sampling oriented by criteria, semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight young women (diagnosed at 45 years or earlier) with breast cancer (reconstructed or not reconstructed after mastectomy) until saturation of discourse. Data collection was carried out between August-November 2017, after the endorsement of the Ethics Committee and the consent of the participants. Data was analysed using the thematic analysis technique after being anonymised.ResultsThree issues emerged in the women's discourses: The social stigma of being a young woman with breast cancer; learning to live with a body transformed by disease and treatment, and surviving, which is the most important thing.ConclusionsBeing a young woman, and suffering from breast cancer implies a diversity of changes that permanently alter the lives of women and their bodies. Women prioritise survival in order to take care of others over breast reconstruction. At a healthcare level, the cultural and gender perspective must be incorporated to design individualised nursing interventions that contribute to better care.     

组织扩张结合假体乳房重建的技术改进

目的:探讨组织扩张-假体乳房重建中扩张器埋置、组织扩张、假体置换过程中技术细节的改进对于乳房重建效果的影响。方法:回顾分析2014年4月至2018年9月在北京大学第三医院行乳腺癌切除术后,接受即刻或延期扩张器-假体结合自体脂肪移植的68例乳房重建患者的相关信息,总结切口选择、扩张器埋置位置、扩张理念、包膜处理、假体选择方法及辅助重建技术的改进情况,并利用三维体表成像技术对重建效果进行客观评估。结果:即刻乳房重建者25例,延期重建者43例,组织扩张的中位周期为7.0(3.0, 20.0)个月,平均扩张注水量(372.8±87.2) mL,置换假体的中位体积为215(100, 395) mL,自体脂肪移植的中位次数为1(1, 3)次,平均脂肪移植的注射总量为(119.3±34.1) mL,术后随访的中位周期为7.0(4.0, 24.0)个月,2例患者出现的并发症均为扩张器渗漏,其中1例因继发感染行扩张器置换。即刻重建患者的术后双侧乳房体积比术前获得了更好的对称性(t=4.465,P<0.01),延期重建患者的术后双侧乳房体积比术前也获得了良好的对称性(t=0.867,P>0.1)。结论:通过横向切口的选择、扩张器埋置点的下移、胸壁软组织的快速扩张、包膜的张力释放、假体选择过程中试模(sizer)的应用并辅以自体脂肪注射移植,可以使组织扩张后的假体乳房重建达到良好的临床效果。     

乳腺癌乳房再造手术患者决策辅助方案的构建及应用

目的 探讨决策辅助方案在拟行乳腺癌全乳切除术联合乳房再造术患者中的应用效果。方法 通过参考国内外文献、召开专家会议及研究小组讨论,构建乳腺癌乳房再造手术患者决策辅助方案（以下简称患者决策辅助方案）。选取2017年10月—12月住院行手术治疗的乳腺癌患者为对照组（42例）,2018年1月—3月住院行手术治疗的乳腺癌患者为试验组（39例）。试验组在常规健康教育的基础上实施决策辅助方案,对照组给予常规健康教育。两组患者入院日、手术前1 d,分别使用患者决策困境量表、决策准备量表、医院焦虑抑郁量表进行评估;术后1个月、6个月和12个月,分别使用患者决策后悔量表、医院焦虑抑郁量表进行评估。结果 试验组术前1 d的决策准备得分显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,决策困境得分显著低于对照组（P<0.05）;术前1 d试验组焦虑抑郁得分与对照组差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;术后12个月试验组焦虑抑郁得分均显著低于对照组（P<0.05）;术后随访期间,试验组在术后1个月、6个月和12个月的决策后悔得分均显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 本研究制订的患者决策辅助方案,可提高患者术前决策准备度,降低患者决策困境水平,改善患者远期的焦虑抑郁情绪,降低患者远期的决策后悔度。     

乳房切除患者对乳房重建态度的调查分析

目的 :探讨改良根治式乳房切除女患者对乳房重建的态度及其相关因素。方法 :采用问卷调查法对河北省改良根治式乳房切除的 16 0名妇女进行乳房重建相关问题的调查 ,通过百分比构成法、Spearman单因素相关分析和Stepwise多元逐步回归分析对 6 2份调查问卷结果进行统计分析。结果 :被调查者中 ,渴望进行乳房重建者占 41.94% ;渴望乳房重建与自我形象和经济收入呈显著性正相关 ,与年龄呈显著性负相关 ;重建知识来源于本次问卷的患者占 6 7.8% ,而来源于医务工作者的只占 6 .4%。结论 :改良根治式乳房切除患者对乳房重建的态度是积极的 ,但获得的有关信息不足 ,医务工作者应加强宣教工作。     

Poland综合征临床特点与治疗

目的 根据Poland综合征的临床特点,探讨其治疗策略.方法 对15例患者进行回顾性研究,将Poland综合征胸部畸形分为4类:轻度,女性;重度,女性;轻度,男性;重度,男性.分别行自身软组织填充或(和)硅凝胶乳房假体置入术.结果 随访6个月至4年,全部患者胸部外形对称,肌瓣全部成活,无假体包膜挛缩、移位,手术效果满意...