慢性乙型病毒性肝炎治疗新方法

就当前慢性乙肝治疗的新方法、新进展作一综述。     

来氟米特的合成研究

以乙酰乙酸乙酯为起始原料,经五步反应制得来氟米特,总收率为４３．６％,反应原料易得,反应条件温和,后处理方便,适合工业化生产。     

Immunisations in Crohn's disease: Who? Why? What? When?

Immunosuppression induced by drugs increase the risk of infections in Crohn's disease (CD) patients. The vaccination rate in CD patients is usually low due to inaccurate information concerning the safety and efficacy of vaccines. Vaccines and immunoglobulins, are artificial ways of protection from common infectious diseases and they have had a major effect on mortality. Herein we detail the need of protection induced by vaccines of measles, varicella, Zoster, papillomavirus, shingles, pneumococcal invasive disease, influenza, hepatitis A and B in CD at diagnosis and during the course of the disease even during immunosuppression periods but with different singularities. Vaccination in CD travellers and the matters related to immunization of household healthy members of immunosuppressed patients are also discussed.     

Enhanced endogenous type I interferon cell-driven survival and inhibition of spontaneous apoptosis by Riluzole

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), although effective in improving the survival of HIV-1-infected individuals, has not been able to reconstitute the adaptive immune response. We have described the use of novel chemical agents to restore T-cell survival/proliferation by inducing cytokine production. Due to its cationic amphiphilic structure, these molecules appear to enhance immune restoration. In this study, we investigated the action of Riluzole (2-amino-6-trifuromethoxybenzothiazole) in HIV-1 infection. Riluzole is able to increase (effective dose from 1 to 1000 nM) the cell-survival of T cells from HIV-1-infected patients and inhibit spontaneous apoptosis. The immunomodulatory effect of riluzole-sensitized cells was ascribed to endogenous type I interferon (IFN) derived from monocytes. Riluzole might be used for restoring the cell survival of immunocompromised patients and eliminating latent infected cells upon HIV-1 reactivation.     

Comprehensive analysis of CTLA-4 in the tumor immune microenvironment of 33 cancer types

Immunotherapy has recently become a powerful weapon against cancer. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) was the first immune checkpoint used for immunotherapy. However, CTLA-4-related mechanisms in various cancers have not been comprehensively investigated. This aim of this study was an in-depth investigation of CTLA-4 in the tumor microenvironment and its relationship with other immunomodulators, immune-related pathways and survival outcomes of 33 cancer types.Overall 9,743 tumor samples and 710 normal samples of 33 cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were included. CTLA-4 expression level was compared between tumor and normal tissues in 22 cancer types. The microenvironment cell populations (MCP)-counter method was used to analyze the correlation between CTLA-4 and immune cell infiltration. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were employed to investigate its relationship with immune pathways. Survival analysis was conducted using the Kaplan-Meier method with log-rank test.CTLA-4 expression was found to be increased in some types of cancer and decreased in other cancer types (P < 0.05). When comparing between different tumor tissues, CTLA-4 was lowest in uveal melanoma (UVM). MCP analysis demonstrated that CTLA-4 had a strong correlation with T cells in almost all cancer types and that CTLA-4 showed a positive correlation with most immune cells in UVM. Immune pathway analysis found that CTLA-4 is involved in a variety of immune pathways. Survival analysis revealed that CTLA-4 can predict patients’ survival outcomes. This comprehensive analysis of CTLA-4 will promote anti-CTLA-4 therapy and personalized combined immunotherapy.     

人狂犬病免疫制剂及其使用研究进展

人狂犬病是致死性疾病,预防免疫显得尤为重要。在过去的一个世纪里,狂犬病疫苗研制及使用取得了巨大进步,先后经历了神经组织培养疫苗、禽胚疫苗和细胞培养疫苗的发展阶段。抗狂犬病血清及免疫球蛋白不断得到纯化。人暴露前及暴露后正确免疫能明显减少发病。新的免疫制剂和新的免疫程序不断出现,这减少了疫苗使用量,提高了免疫效果,为扩大免疫范围提供了可能性。     

胸腺肽注射液治疗白癜风的临床疗效研究

目的 观察胸腺肽注射液治疗白癜风的临床疗效.方法 白癜风患者102例随机分成免疫调节剂胸腺肽注射液治疗组(53例)及常规治疗对照组(49例),进行临床疗效的观察和比较.结果 治疗组总有效率为67.92%,而对照组为38.78%.加用免疫调节剂胸腺肽注射液治疗白癜风的疗效优于对照组,两组总有效率比较差异有极显著意义(P＜0.01).结论 免疫调节剂胸腺肽注射液治疗白癜风疗效确切,值得临床进一步研究.