Epithelioid sarcoma in children and adolescents

Summary Six cases of epithelioid sarcoma were studied by conventional light microscopy and immunohistochemistry. The six cases account for 1.4% of the 417 cases of soft tissue sarcoma collected at the Paediatric Tumor Registry, Kiel. The average age of the five male and one female patient was 10.8 years (median: 13 years). Particular clinical findings included the location of the tumours; three were found in the pelvis, two in the head and neck, and one in the hand. Four patients are living without disease, and one patient died of disease three years after diagnosis.Histologically, four of the six tumours revealed multinucleated giant cells. Immunohistochemically using a panel of mono- and polyclonal antibodies all cases stained positively for vimentin, cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), and human milk fat globulin (HMFG-2). Five cases were positive for neuron specific enolase (NSE), and three stained positively for protein S-100. A positive reaction for alpha-1-antichymotrypsin was noted in two cases. These immunohistochemical findings attest to the multidirectional differentiating capabilities of epithelioid sarcoma and support the concept of derivation from a multipotent mesenchymal stem cell.This study was supported in part by a grant from the Bundesminister für Arbeit und Sozialordnung and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Schm 613/1-1)     

MRP-1/CD9和HSP60在膀胱癌中的表达

目的:探讨MRP-1/CD9和HSP60的表达与膀胱癌发生发展的关系.方法:应用免疫组织化学技术(SP法)检测CD9和HSP60在75例膀胱移行细胞癌标本,15例正常膀胱组织中的表达.结果:CD9和HSP60在正常膀胱组织均高表达,41.2%和42.7%的膀胱癌对CD9和HSP60显示了表达减低.不同临床分期和病理分级的膀胱癌中CD9的表达有差异(P＜0.05),根据预后表浅性膀胱癌的复发浸润组和非浸润组中CD9和HSP60表达有差异(P＜0.05).结论:CD9和HSP60可能与膀胱癌的发生发展有关,它们可能作为判断膀胱癌预后的新指标.     

慢性乙型肝炎肝组织中碱性成纤维细胞生长因子及其mRNA的表达

目的研究肝组织中碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)及bFGFmRNA的表达与慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)肝血管增生、改建及肝血管纤维化的关系。方法对120例CHB肝标本进行bFGF免疫组织化学(免疫组化)染色及bFGFmRNA原位杂交。结果随着CHB肝细胞变性坏死及肝血管病变的加重,bFGF在肝血管及肝窦壁表达强阳性逐渐上升(P<0.01),部分固缩性肝细胞也示强阳性显色。原位杂交显示,bFGFmRNA主要分布于血管纤维化区域肝窦壁及部分肝细胞。结论bFGF通过激活血管及肝窦内皮细胞,引发其增生和凋亡,最终导致肝血管纤维化、肝窦毛细血管化及假小叶纤维间隔形成。     

NEK2、ERK2和P53在乳腺癌中的表达及意义

目的 通过检测乳腺原位癌及浸润性癌组织中NIMA相关蛋白激酶Nek2、细胞外信号调节激酶ERK2和细胞周期调节因子P53的表达,探讨其在乳腺癌的意义及相关性.方法 采用免疫组织化学ElivisionTMplus两步法,研究86 例乳腺浸润性癌、10例乳腺导管原位癌、20例正常乳腺组织NEK2、ERK2和P53的表达情况.结果 Nek2在三组中的表达率分别为87.2%、50.0%和10.0%;ERK2分别为96.7%、80.0%和10.0%;P53分别为0.0%、40.0%和58.1%.Nek2与ERK2的表达呈正相关,ERK2与P53的表达呈正相关,NEK2与P53的表达呈正相关.Nek2蛋白和ERK2蛋白的表达均与患者发生肿瘤的淋巴结转移、组织学分级及临床分期呈明显正相关,而与患者的年龄,肿物大小,月经情况,组织类型无关.而P53仅与组织学分级有关.结论 ERK2相关信号传导通路和Nek2、P53相关的细胞周期调节共同参与了乳腺癌的形成过程.     

面部基底细胞癌中CD44、PCNA的表达及意义

目的　探讨基底细胞癌 (BCC)CD4 4及PCNA蛋白的表达及临床意义。方法　采用SP法行免疫组化染色 ,检测 4 0例BCC中CD4 4s、CD4 4V6及PCNA蛋白的表达。结果　在 4 0例BCC瘤细胞的细胞膜CD4 4s染色均 (- ) ,肿瘤部分间质细胞、附属器细胞膜 ( ) ;8例皮肤基底层、棘层细胞 ( )、BCC与皮肤组比较差异极显著 (P <0 0 1)。39例BCC瘤细胞的细胞膜CD4 4V6染色均 (- ) ,1例弱 ( ) ,部分间质细胞、附属器细胞膜 ( ) ;8例皮肤基底层、棘层细胞 ( ) ;BCC与皮肤组比较差异极显著 (P <0 0 1)。 4 0例BCC瘤细胞核PCNA染色均 ( ) ,其中 18例强 ( ) ,2 2例弱 ( ) ;2例皮肤基底层、棘层细胞核染色强 ( ) ,6例弱 ( ) ;BCC与皮肤组比较差异极显著 (P <0 0 1)。结论　BCC瘤细胞均不表达CD4 4 ,肿瘤细胞不能与基质中透明质酸相结合 ,限制了瘤细胞向基质游离生长 ,临床表现以局部浸润生长为主 ,基本上不发生远处转移     

Immunhistochemical and electron microscope analysis of adenomas of the thyroid gland

Summary Histological, immunhistochemical and electronmicroscopic studies of 12 human, scintigraphically cold, thyroid adenomas with specific cytological differentiation identified four different cell types: oxiphil cell, clear cell, ergastoplasm-rich cell and mitochondrion-rich cell.The oxiphil tumor cell can be recognized light-microscopically by its large size and its eosinophilic granular cytoplasm. Most of these cells do not produce thyroglobulin. The ultrastructural characteristics of oxyphil cells are principally mitochondria in great numbers and many large lysosomes. Clear cell adenomas show a trabecular growth pattern. The tumor cells have an abundance of cytoplasm which contains small acidophilic granules. Immunhistochemically we were able to demonstrate thyroglobulin in small amounts within cytoplasmic granules and more extensively within the follicle lumina. Electronmicroscopically we observed a large number of smooth surfaced vacuoles of varying size, extraordinary large lysosomes and occasional cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum, the latter probably corresponding to the immune-histochemically identified thyroglobulin granules. The ergastoplasm-rich-cell adenomas, which to the best of our knowledge have not been previously described, show a predominantly micro-to normofollicular architecture histologically without intrafollicular colloid. The cytoplasm of the ergastoplasm-rich cells reveales a strong positive thyroglobulin-staining reaction. The fine structure of these cells is characterized by the abundance of cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The mitochondrion-rich-cell adenomas exhibited a microfollicular structure with an intensive acidophilic granular staining at the basal part of the tumor cells. Immunhistochemically and electronmicroscopically we found some morphologic and functional features which differentiate these cells from the oxyphil cell. Thyroglobulin was located predominantly in the apical portion of the cytoplasm in the mitochondrion-rich cells without sharp demarcation from the luminar thyroglobulin. Electron microscopically fewer basal and laterally located mitochondria were seen in mitochondrion-rich cells compared with oxyphil cells. As we could not find any sign of functional activity in the oxyphilic, clear cell and ergastoplasm-rich cell adenomas we analysed those aspects of the lysosomal system not concerned with the enzymatic digestion of thyroglobulin.     

子宫内膜样腺癌组织中p27、MCM7蛋白的表达及意义

目的 探讨p27、MCM7蛋白在子宫内膜样腺癌及其癌前病变组织中的表达及意义。方法 采用免疫组织化学SP法检测30例正常子宫内膜、30例内膜增生、30例非典型增生和50例子宫内膜样腺癌组织中p27和MCM7蛋白的表达情况。结果 27蛋白的阳性表达水平在正常子宫内膜、内膜增生、非典型性增生到子宫内膜样腺癌组织中呈逐渐下降趋势,组间两两比较差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;而MCM7阳性表达水平呈逐渐上升趋势,子宫内膜样腺癌组和非典型增生组均显著高于正常组和内膜增生组（P<0.05）,子宫内膜样腺癌组中p27与MCM7的表达呈负相关（r=-0.3306,P<0.02）,p27蛋白低表达与组织学分级及手术病理分期有关（P<0.05）,MCM7蛋白的高表达与组织学分级、肌层浸润、淋巴结转移和手术病理分期有关(P<0.05);p27低表达和MCM7的高表达与肿瘤的复发有关（P<0.05）。结论 p27蛋白的表达缺失和MCM7的高表达可能涉及了子宫内膜样腺癌的发生、发展过程,两者的联合检测可望作为临床早期诊断、评价预后的生物学指标。     

孤立性纤维性肿瘤6例临床病理分析

目的探讨孤立性纤维性肿瘤（SFT）的临床及病理形态特征及免疫组化特点。方法结合文献对6例孤立性纤维性肿瘤的组织学、免疫组化特点进行分析。结果患者年龄37～65岁,平均50.1岁,病程2个月～2年,临床表现主要为局部肿块及压迫症状,肿瘤直径为3.0～5.0cm。免疫组化结果：CD34阳性6例,bcl-2阳性6例,Vim阳性6例,CD99阳性5例,desmin阳性2例,FVIII均阴性。结论SFT的临床诊断应结合临床特点、组织学形态、免疫组化特点综合考虑,其组织学构像并不能准确地判断其预后,患者术后的定期随访是必要的。     

Immunhistochemical and electron microscope analysis of adenomas of the thyroid gland

Summary Histologic, immunhistochemical and electron microscopic changes in 8 cases of scintigraphically proven autonomous thyroid adenomas are described and compared with non-functioning adenomas. Adenomas with a light microscopic appearance suggesting autonomy show follicles which are mainly small or normal sized and lined by columnar thyroid cells with a partly vacuolated and eosinophilic cytoplasm. Immunhistochemically a high content of thyroglobulin corresponds to the amount of rough endoplasmatic reticulum. Typical ultrastructural criteria are a well developed cytocavitary network, numerous mainly apically localized lysosomes, prominent Golgi fields with sprouting vesicles and autophagic vacuoles. The cell surface is, when compared to non-functioning adenomas, enlared apically by numerous long microvilli and basally by deep infoldings. On contrast to experimentally TSH-stimulated animal thyroids, colloid droplets and pseudopodia are rare. The morphological findings are compared with recent biochemical results and the diagnostic value of electron microscopy is discussed.     

CIP2A蛋白在宫颈肿瘤发生发展中的作用

目的探讨蛋白磷酸酶2A的癌性抑制因子(CIP2A)蛋白在宫颈肿瘤发生发展中的作用。方法采用免疫组织化学SP法检测85例宫颈鳞状细胞癌、48例低级别鳞状上皮内病变、102例高级别鳞状上皮内病变及20例正常宫颈组织中CIP2A蛋白表达。并分析CIP2A的表达与临床病理参数等的关系。结果 CIP2A蛋白在正常宫颈及低级别鳞状上皮内病变组织中呈阴性表达,在高级别鳞状上皮内病变和癌组织中呈阳性表达。宫颈癌的阳性表达率明显高于高级别鳞状上皮内病变,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。CIP2A蛋白在宫颈癌中的表达与患者的年龄和肿瘤的大小无关,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。随着宫颈癌分化程度的降低,CIP2A的阳性率逐渐升高,高分化与低分化组的差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。CIP2A的表达与临床分期和淋巴结转移相关,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论CIP2A在宫颈高级别鳞状上皮内病变及宫颈癌组织中呈过表达,而且随着组织学分级和临床分期的进展,表达有逐渐上升的趋势;这种过表达促进癌的发生发展,并且为宫颈癌临床诊断及治疗提供新的理论依据及措施。