Use of autofluorescence and fluorescent probes as a potential diagnostic tool for oral cancer: A systematic review

IntroductionThe prognosis of patients with Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are directly related to the stage of development of the tumor at the time of diagnosis, but it is estimated an average delay in diagnosis of 2–5 months. New non-invasive techniques for the early diagnosis of OSCC are being developed, such as methodologies to detect spectral changes of tumor cells. We conducted a systematic review to analyze the potential use of autofluorescence and/or fluorescent probes for OSCC diagnosis.Material and MethodsFour databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science) were used as research sources. Protocol was registered with PROSPERO. It was included studies that evaluated tissue autofluorescence and/or used fluorescent probes as a method of diagnosing and/or treatment of oral cancer in humans.ResultsForty-five studies were selected for this systematic review, of which 28 dealt only with autofluorescence, 18 on fluorescent probes and 1 evaluated both methods. The VELscope® was the most used device for autofluorescence, exhibiting sensitivity (33%–100%) and specificity (12%–88.6%). 5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) was the most used fluorescent probe, exhibiting high sensitivity (90%–100%) and specificity (51.3%–96%). Hypericin, rhodamine 6 G, rhodamine 610, porphyrin and γ-glutamyl hydroxymethyl rhodamine green have also been reported.ConclusionThus, the autofluorescence and fluorescent probes can provide an accurate diagnosis of oral cancer, assisting the dentist during daily clinical activity, but it is not yet possible to suggest that this method may replace histopathological examination.     

Claves diagnósticas en displasias pilosas I

Hair shaft disorders, involving dysplastic abnormalities in the shaft, may be either congenital or acquired. Two large categories have been defined according to the presence or not of hair fragility. A diagnosis can usually be made after taking a thorough medical history and performing a physical examination. Trichoscopy has become a useful, cost-effective tool in recent years, particularly for examining the hair of children, because it facilitates inspection without removal of hairs. Structural abnormalities in the hair shaft are sometimes clues to the diagnosis of more complex diseases in which early treatment can improve prognosis. This review describes key features that enable the diagnosis of the most common hair shaft disorders and discusses the various treatments currently available.     

90岁以上长寿老人听力与发中微量元素的观察

作者对30名90岁以上老人作纯音测听、高频测听和发中微量元素检测,与<60岁组人进行比较。结果:老年组纯音全频率听阈与对照组相比差异非常显著(P<0.01),高频测听,90岁组随着频率提高,听到耳数越来越少。并观察到90岁组发中锌、镁微量元素均低于<60岁组,两组间有显著差异(P<0.01)。对90岁组老人听力的特点,发中锌、镁微量元素含量减少对老年性耳聋的影响进行探讨。     

A semi-quantitative direct contact assay using fluorescein diacetate and L929 mouse fibroblasts in monolayer culture

Summary A semi-quantitative procedure is described for measuring cell viability after short-term exposure to a test substance using a monolayer culture. Test substances are placed in direct contact with cell monolayers for various time intervals. The substances are removed and the monolayers are incubated in the presence of fluorescein diacetate. Monolayers are viewed under a fluorescent microscope and the percentage of fluorescing (viable) cells is estimated. The method is suitable for examining cytotoxic effects at short times of exposure and for discriminating between test substances that give similar, low toxicity endpoints in standard 24-h assays.     

松花江汞污染治理后沿江渔民发汞调查

调查结果表明，沿江渔民发汞均值为２．２５μｇ／ｇ，与对照点相比差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０１），其中扶余一松江段渔民发汞均值２．５４μｇ／ｇ，高于其他各江段；３０～４０岁年龄组渔民发汞值超过正常值者占４５％，比其他各年龄组多；在调查的１１９５人中有２５名发汞值超过１０μｇ／ｇ，其中１８人发甲基汞含量超过５μｇ／ｇ。     

化学染发剂和冷烫精的毒性及对人体健康影响的调查研究

本文通过化学染发剂和冷烫精对大白鼠骨髓多染红细胞，毛囊细胞的微核实验及人群健康影响调查，结果表明化学染发剂，冷烫清具有较强致突变作用，两者同时使用致突变明显增强，并提出研制高效无毒染发剂和加强防护的重要性。