FLAG方案治疗难治复发性急性白血病临床疗效

目的探究FLAG方案治疗难治复发性急性白血病的临床疗效。方法择取2017年3月—2018年12月期间医院收治的76例难治复发性急性白血病患者为研究对象,随机分为对照组与观察组,每组38例。对照组患者行MEA方案治疗,观察组患者行FLAG方案治疗,比较两组患者肿瘤控制效果以及不良反应发生率。结果观察组患者肿瘤控制效果73.68%高于对照组50.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者总不良反应发生率31.58%低于对照组55.26%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论FLAG方案治疗难治复发性急性白血病效果较为理想,同时具有较高的安全性。     

A prospective,multicenter phase II study of continuous infusion of FLAG for patients older than 60 yr with resistant acute myeloid leukemia: a comparison with intensive younger patients’ trial

Relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (R/R AML) in elderly (≥60 yr old) patients were eligible. Induction chemotherapy consisted fludarabine and cytarabine (ARAC) as a 24‐hr CI without idarubicin (C‐FLAG), which was compared with the results of C‐FLAG with idarubicin (CI‐FLAG2) in younger patients’ trial. A total of 33 and 68 patients were enrolled in C‐FLAG and CI‐FLAG2, respectively. CR, CRp, and CRi were achieved in 10 (30.3%), 3 (9.1%), and 2 (6.1%), respectively. When comparing outcomes between C‐FLAG and CI‐FLAG2, there were no difference in terms of CR rate (P = 0.572) and objective response rate (ORR; P = 0.899). Favorable predictors on ORR in C‐FLAG were PB WBC ≤ 20K/uL at salvage (P = 0.024) and early evaluation peripheral BLAST = 0% (P = 0.013) on multivariate analysis. The overall survival of patients who achieve CR/CRp/CRi showed significantly prolonged survival compared with patients who did not in C‐FLAG (P < 0.001) and was a favorable predictor of longer survival by multivariate analysis (P = 0.009). Median overall survival was 3.19 (95% CI, 2.05–4.33) months and similar with that of CI‐FLAG2 (P = 0.841). Attenuated salvage regimen C‐FLGA in elderly patients was as effective as more intensive younger patients’ regimen CI‐FLAG2 in terms of response and survival although elderly patients had more unfavorable clinical characteristics.     

The fludarabine,cytarabine, and granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (FLAG) chemotherapy regimen is an alternative to anthracycline‐based therapy for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia for patients with pre‐existing cardiac disease

We conducted a retrospective study assessing FLAG (fludarabine, cytarabine, and granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor) as first‐line treatment in 56 newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia patients considered ineligible for anthracycline‐based treatment due to advanced age, significant comorbidities, or pre‐existing cardiac disease. The median age was 69 (21–80); 46% received FLAG for pre‐existing cardiac disease and others due to age (32%), non‐cardiac comorbidities (20%), or previous anthracycline exposure (2%). The induction mortality was 16% and, among evaluable patients, 48% achieved a complete remission after the first induction course with an additional patient achieving a remission after a second course for a total complete remission rate of 50%. Four patients proceeded to an allogeneic stem cell transplant including two with pre‐existing cardiac disease. Among non‐transplanted patients, the relapse rate (RR) was 47%. When censored at time of stem cell transplant, the median relapse‐free survival was 14.7 months. The median overall survival was 9.3 months with 1‐ and 2‐yr survivals of 44% and 22%, respectively. There was no difference in clinical outcomes between patients treated with FLAG for cardiac reasons vs. other reasons. In conclusion, FLAG is a useful alternative to anthracycline‐based induction for Acute myeloid leukemia in those with significant comorbidities including pre‐existing cardiac disease.     

The Efficacy of Fludarabine,High Dose Cytosine Arabinoside with Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor (FLAG) Protocol as Salvage Therapy for Refractory/Relapsed Acute Leukemias in Adult Iraqi Patients

Refractory/relapsed acute leukemia has always been a challenging problem for hematologist. Over the past decade emphasis has been made in the development of regimens containing fludarabine, combined with cytosine arabinoside for the treatment of refractory/relapsed acute leukemias. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of the combination of fludarabine, high dose cytarabine, and granulocyte colony stimulating factor in refractory relapsed cases of acute leukaemia, a prospective study is being conducted at the National Center of Hematology and hematology unit/Baghdad teaching hospital from July 2008 to July 2010. Twenty Patients with refractory/relapsed acute leukemia were treated with fludarabine 30 mg/m² and cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) 2 g/m² for 5 days, and granulocyte colony stimulating factor G-CSF 300 µg/day from day 0 till neutrophil recovery (ANC > 1.0 × 10⁹/L). Response was evaluated by bone marrow examination on day 30 post chemotherapy. Patients included were refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (five patients), relapsed ALL (four patients), refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (eight patients), relapsed AML (three patients). Complete remission (CR) was achieved in nine (45 %) patients, while three (15 %) patients got partial remission. Three (15 %) patients died because of post chemotherapy complications and five (25 %) patient failed to achieve remission. Major complications encountered were: anemia, fever, bleeding, mucositis and bacterial infections. FLAG protocol is well tolerated and effective regimen in relapsed/refractory acute leukemias. The toxicity is acceptable, enabling most patients to receive further treatment, including transplantation procedures.     

大鼠PDZ1-FLAG的亚克隆及pcDNA3.1载体的构建

目的亚克隆大鼠PDZ1-FLAG基因片段并构建pcDNA3.1载体.方法以pAdTrack-CMV-PDZ1为模板,采用PCR法获得PDZ1-FLAG的双链DNA;与pcDNA3.1载体用T4 DNA连接酶连接;连接产物转化大肠杆菌JM109进行筛选、序列测定.结果①得到了PDZ1-FLAG的双链DNA;②酶切鉴定能观察到PDZ1-FLAG和pcDNA3.1两条带;③PDZ1-FLAG测序图谱与文献报道完全一致.结论获得了含目的基因PDZ1-FLAG的pcDNA3.1载体.     

FLAG方案治疗初次诱导失败的急性髓系白血病的疗效观察

为了探讨FLAG方案治疗初次诱导失败的急性髓系白血病的疗效，本研究采用FLAG方案（氟达拉宾50mg，静脉点滴，30分滴完。第1-5天；阿糖胞苷1000mg／m^2，静脉点滴，第1-5天；G—CSF300μg皮下注射第0—5天）治疗19例初次诱导失败的急性髓系白血病。结果表明：19例患者中，13例达完全缓解（CR率68，4％），2例达部分缓解（PR率10．5％），总有效率78．9％。CR的患者中有5例已行异基因造血干细胞移植，目前3例均无病存活，其中存活最长的为26个月，仍处于CR期。该治疗方案毒副作用主要为骨髓抑制、中性粒细胞减少、消化道症状、轻度肝功能异常。结论：FLAG方案对初次诱导失败的急性髓系白血病疗效好，患者对毒副作用可以耐受。因此，对于初次诱导失败的急性髓系白血病患者应该及早应用FLAG方案，为患者行造血干细胞移植创造条件。     

FLAG方案序贯硼替佐米治疗难治性复发性急性髓系白血病1例

1 病例介绍 患者,女,38岁,因心悸、胸闷14个月于2008年3月18日入院。患者于2007年1月出现心悸、胸闷,未诊治。2007年7月症状加重就诊我院,门诊骨髓细胞学检查：骨髓有核细胞增生活跃,原始细胞占ANC15％。     

Cholesterol reduction by methyl-beta-cyclodextrin attenuates the delta opioid receptor-mediated signaling in neuronal cells but enhances it in non-neuronal cells

Opioid receptors have been shown to be located in and regulated by lipid rafts/caveolae in caveolin-rich non-neuronal cells. Here, we found that caveolin-1 level was very low in rat brain and undetectable in NG108-15 cells, which endogenously express delta opioid receptors (DOR). Rat caudate putamen (CPu) membranes, NG108-15 cells and CHO cells stably transfected with FLAG-mouse-DOR (CHO-FLAG-mDOR) were homogenized, sonicated in a detergent-free 0.5M Na(2)CO(3) buffer and fractionated through discontinuous or continuous sucrose density gradients. About 70% of opioid receptors in CPu and DOR in both cell lines were present in low-density (5-20% sucrose) membrane domains enriched in cholesterol and ganglioside M1 (GM1), characteristics of lipid rafts in plasma membranes. In both cells, stimulation with permeable or non-permeable full agonists, but not with partial or inverse agonists, for 30min shifted approximately 25% of DORs out of rafts, by a naloxone-reversible and pertussis toxin-insensitive mechanism, which may undergo internalization. Methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MCD) treatment greatly reduced cholesterol and shifted DOR to higher density fractions and decreased DPDPE affinities. MCD treatment attenuated DPDPE-induced [(35)S]GTPgammaS binding in CPu and NG108-15 cells, but enhanced it in CHO-FLAG-mDOR cells. In CHO-FLAG-mDOR cells, G(alphai) co-immunoprecipitated with caveolin-1, which was shown to inhibit G(alphai/o), and MCD treatment dramatically reduced the association leading to disinhibition. Thus, although localization in rafts and agonist-induced shift of DOR are independent of caveolin-1, lipid rafts sustain DOR-mediated signaling in caveolin-deficient neuronal cells, but appear to inhibit it in caveolin-enriched non-neuronal cells. Cholesterol-dependent association of caveolin-1 with and the resulting inhibition of G proteins may be a contributing factor.     

De novo acute myeloid leukemia with multilineage dysplasia: treatment results and prognostic evaluation from a series of 44 patients treated with fludarabine,cytarabine and G-CSF (FLAG)

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate therapeutic results and prognostic factors from a series of 44 patients affected by de novo acute myeloid leukemia with multilineage dysplasia (MD-AML), treated with the combination of fludarabine, cytarabine and G-CSF (FLAG). METHODS: Forty-four patients with de novo MD-AML were treated with the FLAG regimen. The median age was 61 yr (range 31-75 yr). Induction therapy consisted of the FLAG regimen; consolidation included idarubicin plus cytarabine. Patients with a compatible donor and aged less than 55 yr were programmed to receive allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT), while in those without a donor and aged less than 65 yr autologous transplantation with peripheral blood stem cells mobilized by a consolidation regimen plus G-CSF was planned. Bone marrow harvest was performed in poor mobilizers. RESULTS: Complete remission (CR) was achieved in 28 out of 44 patients (64%). Death in induction occurred in four patients (9%), while 12 patients (27%) were resistant to FLAG. Toxicity of consolidation was negligible. Most patients aged less than 60 yr and achieving CR were eligible for transplantation procedures, the main reason of exclusion being early relapse. Median overall survival and disease free survival were 16 and 22 months, respectively. Unfavorable cytogenetics was the only parameter significantly related to inferior clinical outcome following multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: Multilineage dysplasia per se is not an adverse prognostic factor in AML patients treated with the FLAG regimen. Favorable results are obtained in patients with intermediate karyotype, while in those with adverse cytogenetics new approaches are clearly needed. The toxicity of the regimen is also acceptable in the elderly, and following induction/consolidation, most patients may be submitted to transplantation procedures.