一次性湿热交换器在新生儿机械通气长途转运中应用的效果分析

目的探讨研究一次性湿热交换器在新生儿机械通气长途转运中应用的临床意义。方法 2017年1月-2017年12月,我院120转运中心长途转运接收786例机械通气新生儿,786例患儿随机分为常规气道护理(对照组)和转运途中应用一次性湿热交换器组(治疗组),对比转运过程中的吸痰次数、肉眼可见痰痂形成率、堵管发生率、脱管发生率、人机对抗发生率。结果研究数据显示治疗组吸痰次数、肉眼可见痰痂形成率、堵管发生率、脱管发生率、人机对抗发生率有显著性差异(P<0.05)明显低于对照组。结论在机械通气新生儿长途转运中,一次性湿热交换器的可减少转运患儿吸痰次数发生率、降低肉眼可见痰痂形成率、堵管发生率、脱管发生率、人机对抗发生率具有明显优越性,值得推广。     

Factors affecting the size of the detour effect in the kinaesthetic perception of Euclidean distance

Three experiments investigated the mechanisms by which we estimate Euclidean distances on the basis of kinaesthetic cues. In all experiments, blindfolded participants followed straight and curvilinear paths with a stylus. Then, with a straight response movement, they estimated the distance between the end-points of the previously explored path. Experiment 1 was designed to validate the hypothesis—made on the basis of results from a previous study—that errors in the kinaesthetic estimations of distances (detour effect) originate from the difficulty to decompose the displacement vector into relevant and irrelevant components, which would become more severe at points of inflection. Using elliptic paths (no inflections), we demonstrated that errors are indeed reduced considerably. The role of the orientation of the work plane was investigated in Experiment 2 in which the same paths used in our previous study were oriented in the frontal rather than the horizontal plane. The results indicate that the detour effect is independent of the orientation. Moreover, despite the asymmetry that gravity introduces between upward and downward movements, errors in the two directions are almost identical. Experiment 3 addressed two issues. First, we demonstrated that introducing a delay between the exploration of the path and the response did not alter significantly the pattern of errors. By contrast, we demonstrated that errors are severely reduced when the number of paths to be explored is reduced by half. The results of the three experiments are discussed within the context of current theories of sensori-motor coding.     

Vertical gaze angle as a distance cue for programming reaching: insights from visual form agnosia II (of III)

It has been shown that a patient with visual form agnosia (DF) relies predominantly on vergence information when gauging target distance in an open-loop pointing task. This finding suggested that the programming of prehension might be severely disrupted if DF viewed target objects through ophthalmic prisms. An initial experiment showed that this prediction was not upheld; DF was able to programme reasonably accurate movements to objects located on a tabletop despite large changes in vergence angle. A second experiment, however, showed that placing the target objects at eye height whilst manipulating vergence angle caused gross disruption to prehension, with DF mis-programming the reach component in a predictable manner. Notably, the evidence for DF's reliance on vergence distance information was obtained in a task where the targets were viewed at eye height. These experiments indicate that DF uses vertical gaze angle to gauge target distance in normal prehension and suggest that this extra-retinal cue may be a useful source of distance information for the human nervous system, especially where pictorial cues are impoverished. Electronic Publication     

浙江省HIV-I流行毒株GAG基因序列测定和亚型分析

〔目的〕利用分子生物学方法了解浙江省境内HIV -I流行毒株的亚型。〔方法〕采集 14份浙江省检出的HIV -I抗体阳性者的抗凝全血 ,从中提取前病毒DNA作为PCR扩增的模板 ,设计特异性引物对gag基因区进行扩增并测定其序列。所得序列与国际标准或参考序列进行比较 ,确定亚型。〔结果〕14份样本中有 9份扩增阳性并得到相应序列 ,扩增率为 6 4 .3%。经过离散率计算和系统树分析后证实 4份样本为A/E流行重组模式 ,3份样本为B亚型 ,1份样本为B/C流行重组模式 ,1份样本为G亚型。〔结论〕目前浙江省境内有多种亚型的HIV -I毒株存在。迫切需要对高危人群进行宣传教育和行为干预措施以阻断HIV/AIDS的流行和传播。     

Knowledge Utilization in Gerontology:

This paper reviews the field of knowledge utilization and indicates how findings from this area can be applied to gerontology and, more specifically, to long-term care. The knowledge utilization areas discussed include the diffusion of innovations, the linkage model of dissemination, the innovative organization model of change, the use of information by policy-makers and the utilization of evaluations. Recommendations on how these results can be applied to gerontology and ways for gerontologists to become involved in knowledge utilization are discussed.     

The analysis of small-sample multivariate data with applications in clinical trials

This article discusses statistical methods for the analysis of multivariate data arising in clinical trials involving a small number of subjects randomly assigned to one of several treatment groups. Possible violations of traditional assumptions such as variance homogeneity and normality of errors are often dealt with by carrying out the statistical analysis using strategies such as transforming the data or applying nonparametric procedures. Multivariate nonparametric tests provide a realistic alternative for analyzing such data. We present a permutation procedure for analyzing data arising in randomized experiments     

Webinars for continuing education in oral and maxillofacial surgery: The Austrian experience

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the acceptance of a webinar series for continuing medical education hosted by the Austrian Society for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (ÖGMKG).A series of twelve webinars was streamed via the Internet and the participants’ satisfaction was evaluated by an online questionnaire.51 out of 140 participants (36.4%) completed the questionnaire completely and were included into the study for further analysis. The mean age of the participants was 37.9 ± 8.9 and did not vary significantly between gender (p = 0.53). The results of the questionnaire revealed a positive attitude of the participants towards this kind of webinar. The participants found that the webinars allowed for an adequate transfer of knowledge.Continuing medical education by webinars in oral and maxillofacial surgery is well accepted by the participants. Although both male and female participants had a positive attitude towards the webinars, females gave even better ratings than their male counterparts did.     

A novel active contour model for serial image segmentation

A novel method for the segmentation of serial images is proposed. In the presented framework, the driving force acts as the attracting term to propel the evolving curve towards the object boundaries, and the adaptive term changes the sign of driving force accordingly. Therefore, the evolving curves can arrive at the desired direction without a requirement for the initial curve to be strictly inside or outside the object. A weighted length term is used to keep the smoothness of curve and penalize the formulation of discontinuities. To prevent the level set function deviating from a signed distance function, a distance rectifying flow is also added to the model; therefore the time-consuming re-initialization procedure is completely avoided. Experiments on both synthetic image and CT serial images demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of the method.