二甲亚砜对人表皮的核酸和蛋白质合成的影响

用体外培养的人的伪表皮作为模型，进行药物毒理学作用的研究，观察了二甲亚砜（ＤＭＳＯ）在不同浓度和不同接触时间条件下，对人的伪表皮细胞脱氧核糖核酸（ＤＮＡ）、核糖核酸（ＲＮＡ）和蛋白质合成的影响：随着接触时间的延长，ＤＮＡ、ＲＮＡ和蛋白质合成均受抑制。低浓度条件下（１％），ＤＮＡ、ＲＮＡ和蛋白质合成增加；在１５～５０％浓度下，ＤＮＡ和蛋白质合成抑制，而ＲＮＡ合成仍增加；在高浓度条件下（７０％～１００％），ＤＮＡ、ＲＮＡ和蛋白质合成均明显抑制。     

Behavioral effects of vehicles: DMSO, ethanol, Tween-20, Tween-80, and emulphor-620

Experimental drugs and compounds that do not easily dissolve in water or saline are frequently combined with vehicles like solvents, detergents, or vegetable oils. Yet very little has been reported on the behavioral effects of vehicles. In this study, we assessed the effects of a vegetable oil (emulphor-620), two detergents (Tween-20 and Tween-80), and two solvents [dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and ethanol] on the locomotor activity in CD2F1 male mice. Locomotor activity was monitored for 12 h after vehicle administration (IP). The concentrations for each vehicle were expressed as percent of vehicle in saline (v/v). Emulphor-620 did not affect locomotor activity at any concentration tested (2%, 4%, 8%, 16%, and 32%). Tween-20 significantly decreased locomotor activity at a concentration of 16% and Tween-80 at 32%. DMSO significantly decreased locomotor activity at concentrations of 32% and 64%. In contrast, ethanol produced a biphasic behavioral response: increased activity at a concentration of 16% and decreased activity at a concentration of 32%. These results will facilitate the selection and concentration of vehicles to be used in combination with experimental drugs or test agents.     

Development of the retinal pathway to the pretectum of the cat

The development of retinal projections to the pretectal complex of prenatal and early postnatal cats has been examined using the anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase and tritiated amino acids. As early as embryonic day 38, the entire dorsal pretectum is penetrated by retinal ganglion cell axons. At this stage the bilateral complement of retinal efferents appears to be dispersed uniformly within the pretectal anlage. A week later, on embryonic day 46, indistinct foci of peroxidase reaction product can be discerned within 2 of the primordial nuclei: the nucleus of the optic tract and the olivary nucleus. By embryonic day 56, five distinct bilateral fields of retinal fiber termination are apparent within the following regions:

(i) the nucleus of the optic tract;

(ii) the pretectal olivary nucleus;

(iii) the posterior pretectal nucleus;

(iv) the anterior pretectal nucleus; and

(v) the medial pretectal nucleus. Four days before birth, on embryonic day 61, crossed and uncrossed retinal arbors are partially segregated within the nucleus of the optic tract and the pretectal olivary nucleus.

The early postnatal retinal connection to the pretectum has an overall pattern virtually indistinguishable from that of the mature cat. The ontogeny of the retinal influx to the pretectum is similar to that of the retinocollicular projection.⁶¹ However, the development of retinal projections to the pretectum and superior colliculus appears to lag behind those to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus.⁴⁹ These differences may reflect temporal and spatial gradients in the maturation of three major classes of retinal ganglion cells.     

二甲亚砜对小鼠腹水型网状细胞肉瘤ARS细胞的分化诱导

小鼠ARS腹水型网状细胞肉瘤瘤株加1.5、2.0、2.5%DMSO体外培养,被诱导出现了巨噬细胞样分化。细胞及核缩小,尤以核缩小为著,核质比值下降。2.5%DMSO的作用最显著,核仁缩小仅见于2.5%组。核质比值小于0.5,且核仁亦缩小的细胞近似巨噬细胞。2.5%DMSC使非特异性酯酶阳性细胞增多;Po1ystyrene胶乳颗粒吞噬百分数和吞噬指数亦增高。透射电镜观察,2.5%DMSO处理的、核质比值小于0.5的ARS细胞内,细胞器丰富,Golgi复合体发达,次级溶酶体增多。扫描电镜观察,对照组的大细胞多,表面有多数密集的细长微绒毛。2.5%DMSO处理的ARS,大细胞减少,小细胞增多,微绒毛明显缩短减少。这种小细胞与光镜和透射电镜下观察的小细胞一致,是分化程度较高的巨噬细胞样细胞。2.5%DMSO处理的ARS细胞核分裂指数显著下降。     

Lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence as a new assay for NAD(P)H-oxidase activity in particulate fractions of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes

The enzyme responsible for the respiratory burst in human neutrophils is an oxidase that catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to superoxide anion (O-2). Superoxide anion production may be measured by chemiluminescence (CL) in the presence of lucigenin (10,10'-dimethyl-9,9'- biacridinium dinitrate). We established an assay of the oxidase, by measuring the CL of particulate fractions of PMN in the presence of lucigenin . This CL required the addition of NAD(P)H and was very low in fractions of resting cells. In particulate fractions of PMNs stimulated with PMA selectively, the NADPH-dependent CL was found to be increased. CL was linear with protein concentrations up to 100 micrograms and was shown to be at least 10 times more sensitive for the detection of O-2 than the assay based on the spectrophotometric determination of superoxide mediated cytochrome c reduction. CL was abolished by inactivating the enzyme at 56 degrees C.     

Antiproliferative activity and standardization of Tecomella undulata bark extract on K562 cells

Ethnopharmacological relevance

The bark of Tecomella undulata is primarily used in the treatment of syphilis, painful swellings and cancer by traditional healers. Also, it is claimed to be useful in treating urinary discharges, enlargement of spleen, leucorrhoea, leukoderma, tumors, liver disorders, gonorrhea, gout and promotes wound healing in Indian traditional system of medicine.

Aim

To establish a scientific validation for the antitumor effects of Tecomella undulata bark and explore the mechanistic pathway in chronic myeloid leukemia cell line, K562. The study was further extended to standardize the extract using quercetin as biomarker.

Methods

Induction of apoptosis by chloroform extract of Tecomella undulata bark (CTUB) was determined by MTT, Annexin V and caspase activation assays. The cell cycle analysis was done by flow cytometer and nuclear staining by DAPI. The standardization of the extract was performed through reverse phase-HPLC method under PDA detection.

Result

Results clearly showed the induction of apoptosis by CTUB in K562 cells. The effect was found to be dose dependent, having IC₅₀ of 30 μg/ml with activation of FAS, FADD, caspase 8, caspase 3/7 and fragmentation of DNA. The bioactive CTUB was determined to possess 0.03% (w/w) of quercetin.

Conclusion

The investigation clearly demonstrated the potential antitumor effect of CTUB, thereby validating the traditional claim. Quercetin, known to have anticancer activity is being reported and quantified for the first time from the bark of Tecomella undulata.     

The effects of Morinda citrifolia L. (noni) on the immune system: its molecular mechanisms of action

The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms involved in the immunomodulatory effects of Morinda citrifolia L. (noni) in vitro and in vivo in mice. In vitro, Tahitian Noni Juice (TNJ) and Noni fruit juice concentrates (NFJC) (1, 5mg/mL) potently activate cannabinoid 2 (CB2), but inhibit cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptors in a concentration-dependant manner. In vivo, oral administration of TNJ ad libitum for 16 days decreased the production of IL-4, but increased the production of IFN-gamma. These results suggest that noni modulates the immune system via activating of the CB2 receptors, and suppressing of the IL-4, but increasing the production of IFN-gamma cytokines. It may also exert beneficial immunomodulation effects in conditions involving inadequate immune responses.     

经二甲基亚砜冷冻保存的血小板粘附率观察

目的 研究采用二甲基亚砜(DMSO)冷冻保存血小板的制备技术以及制备效果.方法 按常规进行DMSO富含血小板血浆悬液制备、冷冻保存与复温;抽样进行质控检测;作血小板粘附功能测定.结果 质控检测结果血小板计数≥2.5×1011个/袋,红细胞混入量≤8.0×109个/袋,白细胞混入量≤5.0×108个/袋.无细菌生长.抗丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)、乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)、抗人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)、梅毒特异性抗体检测均为阴性.血小板粘附试验结果加入DMSO血小板的粘附率低于未加DMSO的血小板(P＜0.05);洗涤后的血小板粘附率与未加DMSO的血小板相比,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 血小板的DMSO冷冻保存技术值得推广应用.