儿童中枢神经系统白血病34例分析

目的 :探讨儿童中枢神经系统白血病 (CNSL)的早期诊断及治疗。方法 :对我科 1989年 6月～1999年 6月收治的 34例儿童CNSL临床资料进行分析 ,均进行了脑脊液 (CSF)细胞沉渣瑞氏染色。结果 :4例无中枢神经系统症状患儿CSF中发现白血病细胞。结论 :脑脊液沉渣瑞氏染色发现白血病细胞能早期诊断CNSL。     

Antivectorial Activities of Cashew Nut Shell Extracts from Anacardium occidentaleL.

Sodium salts of cashew nut shell extracts (CNSL) and anacardic acids isolated from Anacardium occidentale demonstrate a potent antivectorial activity against Aedes aegypti larvae and Biomphalaria glabrata snails. The structure–activity relationship is discussed, particularly the hydrogenation of CNSL and anacardic acids which lower dramatically these properties, showing the importance of the double bonds on the side chains of anacardic acids. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

上皮型钙黏蛋白在中枢神经系统白血病患者脑脊液中的表达

目的探讨急性白血病（AL）患者脑脊液中可溶性上皮型钙黏蛋白（sE-cad）在中枢神经系统白血病（CNSL）中的发生、发展和疗效判定中的临床意义。方法应用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测sE-cad在急性白血病患者脑脊液中的表达。结果脑脊液中sE-cad的浓度（μg/L）：CNSL组显著高于非CNSL组,非CNSL组显著高于对照组,三者之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;CNSL自身对照：用药前组显著高于用药后（P〈0.01）;在CNSL各阶段中,脑脊液中的sE-cad在初诊时表达水平显著升高,而部分缓解期、完全缓解期逐渐降低。结论急性白血病患者脑脊液中sE-cad的表达与CNSL的发生密切相关;急性白血病患者脑脊液中sE-cad的动态变化是反映AL患者的病情及治疗效果的重要指标,是CNSL诊断、鉴别诊断、判定复发、疗效和预后的监测指标之一。     

18例中枢神经白血病的临床诊治

目的 探讨中枢神经系统白血病(CNSL)的临床特征及诊治.方法 回顾性分析18例CNSL患者的临床资料.结果 本组18例CNSL患者经鞘内注射治疗后,生存8例(44.44%),死亡10例(55.56%).结论 CNSL早期诊断,及时治疗,尽量避免长期鞘内注药及放疗引起的中枢神经系统损伤.     

CD＿9抗原检测方法建立及其在诊断中枢神经系统白血病研究中的应用

应用酶联吸附技术，建立检测脑脊液中脱落ＣＤ９抗原方法，并用于早期诊断中枢神经系统白血病，结果表明：ＣＤ９（＋）ＡＬＬ中枢神经系统白血病患儿ＣＤ９含量（ＯＤ＝０．８０２±０．２９）明显高于其它组病人（Ｐ＜０．０１）。大部分病人ＣＤ９含量都随鞘注化疗而下降，但其中有些病例ＣＤ９含量有些波动。比较ＥＬＩＳＡ和脑脊液常规、生化、肿瘤细胞检测及临床对中枢神经系统白血病诊断，两者附合率７４％，经Ｘ２检验，差异有显著性，提示ＥＬＩＳＡ检测脑脊液中脱落抗原ＣＤ９的方法有助于中枢神经系统白血病的诊断。     

大剂量MTX治疗儿童ALL副作用防治研究

目的研究大剂量甲氨蝶呤(methotrexate,MTX)对急性淋巴细胞性白血病患儿的中枢神经系统白血病的预防,观察其毒副作用。方法13例ALL患儿接受57例次HD-MTX(每次3．0g／m^2)治疗。经综合预防措施后,观察临床症状、体征和实验室指标,总结HD-MTX的副作用发生种类、发生率及临床疗效。结果13例ALL中11例未发生CSNL,2例治疗中出现CNSL,经治疗后CR,现仍处于CCR中。13例平均CCR 31．8个月。结论儿童对HDMTX耐受性好,HD-MTX可以有效预防ALL的CNSL复发,提高长期无病生存率。     

鞘内化疗在防治中枢神经系统白血病中的应用研究

目的：探讨鞘内化疗预防和治疗中枢神经系统白血 的临床疗效，以延长白血病患者的缓解期和生存期，方法：鞘内化疗应用于16例白血病患者，结果：16例白血病患者中，12例属预防性，其中10例未发现CNSL，中数生存期42月，生存期最长达66月，4例属治疗性，CNSL均完全缓解，中数生存期36月，生存期最长达60月，结论：鞘内化疗在预防和治疗中枢神经系统白血病中疗效确切，效果满意。     

小儿中枢神经系统白血病诊断和治疗探讨（附24例分析）

１９８５年１月￣１９９３年１２月，我院共收治小儿ＡＬＬ２９７例，其中２４例发生中枢神经系统白血病。经过鞘注药物及颅脑放疗等治疗后，结果６例存活，１０例死亡，８例失访，本文对诊断治疗进行了探讨。     

Acute, subacute toxicity and mutagenic effects of anacardic acids from cashew (Anacardium occidentale Linn.) in mice

Aim of the study

Anacardium occidentale Linn. (cashew) is a Brazilian plant that is usually consumed in natura and is used in folk medicine. Anacardic acids (AAs) in the cashew nut shell liquid are biologically active as gastroprotectors, inhibitors of the activity of various deleterious enzymes, antitumor agents and antioxidants. Yet, there are no reports of toxicity testing to guarantee their use in vivo models.

Materials and methods

We evaluated AAs biosafety by measuring the acute, subacute and mutagenic effects of AAs administration in BALB/c mice. In acute tests, BALB/c mice received a single oral dose of 2000 mg/kg, whereas animals in subacute tests received 300, 600 and 1000 mg/kg for 30 days. Hematological, biochemical and histological analyses were performed in all animals. Mutagenicity was measured with the acute micronucleus test 24 h after oral administration of 250 mg/kg AAs.

Results

Our results showed that the AAs acute minimum lethal dose in BALB/c mice is higher than 2000 mg/kg since this concentration did not produce any symptoms. In subacute tests, females which received the highest doses (600 or 1000 mg/kg) were more susceptible, which was seen by slightly decreased hematocrit and hemoglobin levels coupled with a moderate increase in urea. Anacardic acids did not produce any mutagenic effects.

Conclusions

The data indicate that doses less than 300 mg/kg did not produce biochemical and hematological alterations in BALB/c mice. Additional studies must be conducted to investigate the pharmacological potential of this natural substance in order to ensure their safe use in vivo.     

Antioxidant, larvicidal and antiacetylcholinesterase activities of cashew nut shell liquid constituents

Anacardic acid, cardanol and cardol, the main constituents of natural cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), were obtained by solvent extraction and assayed for antioxidant, larvicidal and antiacetylcholinesterase activity. Their relative percent composition was obtained by HPLC analysis. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH and ABTS⁺ tests, which showed cardanol as the most active, followed by cardol and anacardic acid. The three CNSL components demonstrated good larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti (LC₅₀ = 12.40 for anacardic acid, 10.22 for cardol and 14.45 for cardanol) and exhibited inhibition zones for acetylcholinesterase enzymes in the TLC test similar to carbachol, which was used as standard. Based on the results, these multipotent compounds represent promising agents in the control of Ae. aegypti, the main dengue vector in Brazil.