经腔内与经腹式超声对膀胱癌分期的诊断价值

目的探讨经腔内与经腹式超声对膀胱癌分期的诊断价值。方法选取2015年1月至2019年5月间南京市江宁医院收治的经病理学检查确诊的78例膀胱癌患者纳入本研究,将经腔内超声检查的39例患者纳入观察组,经腹式超声诊断检查的39例患者纳入对照组,将两组患者的诊断结果与病理学检查结果进行比较,探讨两种诊断方法的准确率。结果两组患者T4期膀胱癌的诊断准确率均为100. 0%。但T1、T2、T3期的诊断中,观察组患者采用的经腔内超声的诊断准确率要高于对照组经腹式超声检查,差异均有统计学意义(均P <0. 05)。结论在膀胱癌分期的临床诊断中,经腔内超声检查能够清晰呈现膀胱壁被肿瘤基底部浸润的深度,其应用效果要优于经腹式超声检查,可为临床早期诊断、鉴别膀胱癌提供参考依据,值得推广。     

慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉与鼻中隔偏曲同期与分期手术的临床疗效分析

目的探讨对慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉与鼻中隔偏曲进行同期与分期手术治疗的临床疗效。方法选取2012年8月‐2014年9月来该院治疗的慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉与鼻中隔偏曲患者118例,随机分为两组,为观察组与对照组,观察组为进行同期手术治疗的患者,对照组患者分二期进行鼻中隔偏曲矫正术和鼻窦开放与鼻息肉切除术。观察对比两组患者术后的治愈率及并发症情况。结果两组患者在治愈率、好转率、无效率及关发症发生率方面差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉与鼻中隔偏曲进行同期手术相比于进行分期手术可以一次性治疗患者的慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉与鼻中隔偏曲,减少患者手术次数,减轻患者痛苦,减轻患者经济负担,值得在临床上推广应用。     

Lycium barbarum extract promotes M2 polarization and reduces oligomeric amyloid-β-induced inflammatory reactions in microglial cells

Lycium barbarum(LB)is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been demonstrated to exhibit a wide variety of biological functions,such as antioxidation,neuroprotection,and immune modulation.One of the main mechanisms of Alzheimer’s disease is that microglia activated by amyloid beta(Aβ)transform from the resting state to an M1 state and release pro-inflammatory cytokines to the surrounding environment.In the present study,immortalized microglial cells were pretreated with L.barbarum extract for 1 hour and then treated with oligomeric Aβfor 23 hours.The results showed that LB extract significantly increased the survival of oligomeric Aβ-induced microglial cells,downregulated the expression of M1 pro-inflammatory markers(inducible nitric oxide synthase,tumor necrosis factorα,interleukin-6,and interleukin-1β),and upregulated the expression of M2 anti-inflammatory markers(arginase-1,chitinase-like protein 3,and interleukin-4).LB extract also inhibited the oligomeric Aβ-induced secretion of tumor necrosis factorα,interleukin-6,and interleukin-1βin microglial cells.The results of in vitro cytological experiments suggest that,in microglial cells,LB extract can inhibit oligomeric Aβ-induced M1 polarization and concomitant inflammatory reactions,and promote M2 polarization.     

肝门部胆管癌的分型分期系统及其临床应用价值

肝门部胆管癌（hilar cholangiocarcinoma，HC）分型和分期系统较为庞杂，包括改良Bismuth-Corlette分型，Gazzaniga T分期，Blumgart T分期，美国纪念Sloan-Kattering癌症中心（Memorial Sloan Katering Cancer Center，MSKCC）T分期，Mayo分期系统，美国癌症联合委员会（American Joint Committee on Cancer，AJCC）和国际抗癌联盟（International Union Against Cancer，UICC）联合发布的TNM分期，欧洲肝胆胰协会分期（Consensus classification from the European Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association，EHPBA），以及日本肝胆胰外科学会（Japanese Society of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery，JSHBPS）分期，各分期系统所包含的内容差异较大，各具特色和优缺点，本文就HC常见的分型和分期系统及其在临床中的应用价值做一综述。     

小干扰RNA抑制内源性原癌基因c-myc表达对鼻咽癌细胞5-8F的影响

目的通过RNA干扰抑制鼻咽癌5-8F细胞内源性原癌基因c-myc的过表达,观察c-myc过表达受到抑制后对5-8F细胞生物学特性的影响。方法构建针对c-myc的小干扰RNA(siRNA)真核表达载体,利用LipofectamineTM2000脂质体转染5-8F细胞,建立稳定转染干扰组细胞5-8F/si-c-myc;同法建立阴性对照组细胞5-8F/si-control,并以5-8F为空白对照组细胞;通过半定量反转录聚合酶链反应和Western blot分别检测c-myc mRNA和蛋白水平表达,鉴别干扰效果;通过四甲基偶氮唑蓝比色法检测干扰前后对5-8F细胞生长的影响;通过流式细胞仪分析干扰前后对5-8F细胞周期的影响;通过透射电镜扫描观察干扰前后对5-8F细胞超微结构的影响。结果与空白对照组和阴性对照组细胞相比,干扰细胞组c-myc mRNA和蛋白表达水平均显著下调(P<0.05),细胞生长活力显著降低(P<0.05),细胞周期G0/G1期细胞比例显著升高(P<0.05),S期细胞比例显著降低(P<0.05),细胞超微结构发生明显改变。结论干扰内源性c-myc的siRNA能显著抑制5-8F的细胞生长和细胞分裂增殖,c-myc基因有可能成为鼻咽癌基因治疗新靶点。     

推拿治疗腰椎间盘突出症的分期护理观察

目的分析推拿治疗腰椎间盘突出症的分期护理效果。方法选取2018年1月—2019年6月收治的78例腰椎间盘突出症患者,将其以随机数字表法分为对照组(常规护理)与研究组(分期护理)各39例。对比2组的疗效、各腰椎症状缓解评分、SAS评分及护理满意度。结果研究组患者治疗有效率为92.31%,对照组为89.74%,2组对比无差异,P0.05。研究组患者的各项腰椎症状缓解评分均优于对照组,P0.05。2组干预前的SAS评分指标差异性不大,P0.05;研究组患者干预后的SAS评分明显低于对照组,P0.05。研究组患者对护理工作满意度94.87%明显高于对照组的71.79%,P0.05。结论在腰椎间盘突出症患者接受推拿治疗的期间实施分期护理,可在保障其治疗效果的同时,显著缓解其各腰椎症状评分及焦虑负面情绪,提高其护理满意度,值得推广。     

All roads lead to Rome-a review of the potential mechanisms by which exerkines exhibit neuroprotective effects in Alzheimer’s disease

Age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease(AD)have become a critical public health issue due to the significantly extended human lifespan,leading to considerable economic and social burdens.Traditional therapies for AD such as medicine and surgery remain ineffective,impractical,and expensive.Many studies have shown that a variety of bioactive substances released by physical exercise(called“exerkines”)help to maintain and improve the normal functions of the brain in terms of cognition,emotion,and psychomotor coordination.Increasing evidence suggests that exerkines may exert beneficial effects in AD as well.This review summarizes the neuroprotective effects of exerkines in AD,focusing on the underlying molecular mechanism and the dynamic expression of exerkines after physical exercise.The findings described in this review will help direct research into novel targets for the treatment of AD and develop customized exercise therapy for individuals of different ages,genders,and health conditions.