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1.
Kallakuri S Cavanaugh JM Ozaktay AC Takebayashi T 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2003,148(4):419-424
Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is seen as widespread damage in the white matter of brain characterized by morphological changes
to axons throughout the brain and brain stem. The current study attempted to investigate the effect of increasing impact energy
on the presence and severity of DAI in corpus callosum (CC). DAI was induced in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats using an injury
model adapted from Marmarou et al. in 1994. A 450-g cylindrical brass weight was dropped from three different heights (2.0 m,
1.5 m and 1.0 m) on to a metal helmet affixed to the skull of the rats. In the sham group, rats underwent a surgical procedure
with no impact. After a 24-h survival period the animals were transcardially perfused. The brain was removed and the cerebral
hemispheres were sectioned with a vibrotome and stained by silver impregnation technique. The CC of all the impacted rats
showed DAI in the form of beaded axons, retraction balls and vacuole-like enlargements. The axonal injury was most severe
in the 2-m group, while mildest in the 1-m group. In the sham group, axons appeared to be normal. This study demonstrates
evidence of graded DAI depending on the impact energy. Such data is useful for mathematical modeling of axonal injury in rat
brain using the same impact parameters and potential determination of injury thresholds for neural trauma.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
2.
Anna Veverkov Dalibor Preisler Mariia Zimina Tereza Koutov Petr Harcuba Milo Jane
ek Josef Strský 《Materials》2021,14(2)
Low-alloyed zirconium alloys are widely used in nuclear applications due to their low neutron absorption cross-section. These alloys, however, suffer from limited strength. Well-established guidelines for the development of Ti alloys were applied to design new two-phase ternary Zr alloys with improved mechanical properties. Zr-4Sn-4Nb and Zr-8Sn-4Nb alloys have been manufactured by vacuum arc melting, thermo-mechanically processed by annealing, forging, and aging to various microstructural conditions and thoroughly characterized. Detailed Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that the microstructural response of the alloys is rather similar to alpha + beta Ti alloys. Duplex microstructure containing primary alpha phase particles surrounded by lamellar alpha + beta microstructure can be achieved by thermal processing. Mechanical properties strongly depend on the previous treatment. Ultimate tensile strength exceeding 700 MPa was achieved exceeding the strength of commercial Zr alloys for nuclear applications by more than 50%. Such an improvement in strength more than compensates for the increased neutron absorption cross-section. This study aims to exploit the potential of alpha + beta Zr alloys for nuclear applications. 相似文献
3.
Beatriz Togoro Ferreira da Silva Livia Tosi Trevelin Ananda Carolina Schroeter Amanda Endres Willers Paulo Francisco Cesar Adriana Bona Matos 《European journal of oral sciences》2021,129(1):e12754
This study investigated the effect of irradiation with an erbium‐doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Er:YAG) laser and coating with silica on the surface characteristics, bond strength, and flexural strength of dental zirconia. Three hundred and forty‐three standard zirconia specimens were created, and 49 were assigned to each of seven surface treatment groups: (i) no treatment; Er:YAG laser (80 mJ/2 Hz) with pulse widths of 50 μs (ii), 100 μs (iii), 300 μs (iv), or 600 μs (v); or tribochemical silica coating at the partially sintered stage (vi) or after sintering was complete (vii). All specimens were sintered after the surface treatments, except for the group in which specimens were sintered before treatment. The study outcomes were roughness, surface loss, microshear bond strength (μSBS), and biaxial flexural strength (BFS). Mean roughness and surface loss values were significantly higher in specimens from irradiated groups than in those from silica‐coated groups. Regarding μSBS, after aging, specimens from all experimental groups presented very low and similar μSBS values, irrespective of the surface treatment. Silica coating after sintering yielded the highest BFS (1149.5 ± 167.6 MPa), while coating partially sintered specimens with silica resulted a BFS (826.9 ± 60.9 MPa) similar to that of the untreated control group (794.9 ± 101.7 MPa). Laser treatments, irrespective of pulse width used, significantly decreased the BFS. In the group treated with laser at 300 μs pulse width, specimens exhibited the lowest BFS value (514.1 ± 71.5 MPa). Adhesion to zirconia was not stable after aging, regardless of the surface treatment implemented. 相似文献
4.
T. Stober J. L. Bermejo F. S. Schwindling M. Schmitter 《Journal of oral rehabilitation》2016,43(8):621-629
The purpose of this study was to measure enamel wear caused by antagonistic monolithic zirconia crowns and to compare this with enamel wear caused by contralateral natural antagonists. Twenty monolithic zirconia full molar crowns were placed in 20 patients. Patients with high activity of the masseter muscle at night (bruxism) were excluded. For analysis of wear, vinylpolysiloxane impressions were prepared after crown incorporation and at 6‐, 12‐, and 24‐month follow‐up. Wear of the occlusal contact areas of the crowns, of their natural antagonists, and of two contralateral natural antagonists (control teeth) was measured by use of plaster replicas and a 3D laser‐scanning device. Differences of wear between the zirconia crown antagonists and the control teeth were investigated by means of two‐sided paired Student's t‐tests and linear regression analysis. After 2 years, mean vertical loss was 46 μm for enamel opposed to zirconia, 19–26 μm for contralateral control teeth and 14 μm for zirconia crowns. Maximum vertical loss was 151 μm for enamel opposed to zirconia, 75–115 μm for control teeth and 60 μm for zirconia crowns. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between wear of enamel by zirconia‐opposed teeth and by control teeth. Gender, which significantly affected wear, was identified as a possible confounder. Monolithic zirconia crowns generated more wear of opposed enamel than did natural teeth. Because of the greater wear caused by other dental ceramics, the use of monolithic zirconia crowns may be justified. 相似文献
5.
6.
Tzu‐Yu Peng Saiji Shimoe Naomi Tanoue Hiroyuki Akebono Takeshi Murayama Takahiro Satoda 《European journal of oral sciences》2019,127(3):269-275
With the rapid development of computer‐aided design/computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD /CAM ) systems, the application of zirconia in removable partial dentures is expected to expand. Clasps composed of zirconia should improve esthetics without inducing the risk of metal allergy. The aim of this study was to examine the fatigue resistance of yttria‐stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y‐TZP) clasps for removable partial dentures. Yttria‐stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal and cobalt‐chromium (Co‐Cr) alloy were prepared using CAD /CAM systems. Specimens were either of the semicircular type or of the flat type, with cross‐sectional areas of taper ratios of 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00. All specimens were tested using the cantilever test and the constant displacement fatigue test, and data were analyzed using ANOVA . During the cantilever test, the maximum displacement prior to fracture was greater than the required undercut, and the semicircular‐type specimen exhibited a higher fracture load than the flat type. None of the specimens displayed permanent deformation and showed almost the same degree of deformation after fatigue testing. A lower taper ratio was associated with lower average load values and greater displacement. Within the limitations of this study, it was possible to conclude that Y‐TZP provides the required undercut and adequate retentive force for removable partial denture clasps. Additionally, Y‐TZP and Co‐Cr alloy had almost the same degree of deformation even after the simulated lifespan of removable partial dentures. 相似文献
7.
8.
王明明 《国际医药卫生导报》2014,20(22):3483-3485
目的 探讨新生儿PICC置管后有效的止血方式及减少肢体肿胀的方法.方法 对在我科住院治疗的132例需置入PICC管的患儿,在常规护理的基础上随机分为实验组和对照组各66例.对照组采用2×2cm的纱块按压穿刺点,外部用折叠后的绷带缠绕加压;实验组采取我科自制的纱球,如花生米粒大小(约0.5×0.8cm),用其按压穿刺点局部,然后在其外部以透明敷贴加压,观察两组患者穿刺点渗血情况以及肢体肿胀情况.结果 观察组在穿刺点止血及穿刺侧肢体肿胀方面明显优于对照组(P<0.05),两组差异具有统计学意义.结论 采用自制消毒纱球作点状按压能达到快速止血的效果并且能够减少肢体肿胀的发生. 相似文献
9.
10.
《International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery》2021,50(10):1361-1374
The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of zirconia and titanium surfaces on biofilm formation and host-derived parameters. Studies comparing zirconia and titanium surfaces were selected up to September 1, 2019. The outcome measures were surface roughness, contact angle, bacterial count, bacterial adherence, biofilm thickness, bacterial distribution, and specifically investigated biofilm and specific host-derived immunological parameters. Random-effects meta-analyses of in vitro and in vivo studies were conducted. A total of 39 studies were included for data extraction. In the systematic review data, 10 studies stated that zirconia accumulated less initial oral biofilm parameters, 16 investigations showed negligible inter-material differences, and only one study showed that zirconia attracted the most biofilm. However, in the meta-analysis, the bacterial coverage was found to be significantly superior for zirconia surfaces (P < 0.00001); the other outcome measures did not show any statistically significant differences between zirconia and titanium for the remaining parameters and the studies presented a substantial degree of heterogeneity. Overall, on the basis of the meta-analysis, the current data situation does not allow a clear preference for the use of zirconia or titanium. 相似文献