基于电子鼻技术的不同品质鹿茸饮片气味特征分析

目的:基于电子鼻技术对不同品质鹿茸饮片气味特征进行分析与表征。方法:采用PEN3型电子鼻系统,分析22批鹿茸样品的气味特征,以对传感器响应值为指标,进行传感器区别贡献率分析(Loadings)、主成分分析(PCA)、线性判别分析(LDA)。结果:Loadings分析表明,5个传感器对鹿茸饮片气味特征具有较好的响应,不同规格鹿茸饮片气味差异贡献率主要体现为氮氧化物类、甲烷等短链烷烃、有机硫化物、醇醚醛酮类、芳香成分、无机硫化物等成分;PCA表明不同品种与规格鹿茸饮片,其气味的差异性比较明显;LDA发现不同品种及规格鹿茸饮片(除梅花鹿白片与粉片外)样品的气味差异均较明显,表明构成气味的物质存在差异性。结论:电子鼻技术可阐明不同品质鹿茸饮片气味的物质基础;不同品质鹿茸饮片气味存在差异性可揭示鹿茸饮片气味的科学内涵并为其质量控制提供参考。     

超临界CO2萃取鹿茸中的性激素研究

目的：研究超临界CO₂萃取技术提取鹿茸中性激素。方法：超临界CO₂萃取鹿茸中的性激素并采用放射免疫法分析其含量,利用GC-MS,TLC和HPLC分析了萃取物中其他成分。结果：以85%乙醇为夹带剂,夹带剂∶原料=1(mL·g^-1),萃取压力30 MPa,萃取温度65 ℃,总提取率为1.56%,雌二醇和孕酮的质量分数分别为3.07,776.18 ng·g^-1。结论：采用超临界CO2萃取技术提取鹿茸中的性激素是可行的。     

鹿茸方治疗糖尿病周围神经病变临床观察

[目的]观察鹿茸方治疗DPN的疗效。[方法]随机将60例患者分成治疗组和对照组各30例。两组基础治疗(口服降糖药或胰岛素注射降糖等)维持原方案不变;治疗期间停止服用有可能影响DPN发生、发展及预后的药物,如营养神经药、改善血循环药。治疗组予鹿茸方10g,3次/d;对照组予弥可保0.5mg,3次/日;疗程4周,观察治疗前后临床症状及指标变化。[结果]鹿茸方具有明显的降血脂、改善血流变的作用,可降低血浆内皮素含量,增加一氧化氮含量,提高神经传导速度。[结论]鹿茸方是治疗DPN的有效制剂。     

鹿茸多肽促进表皮和成纤维细胞增殖及皮肤创伤愈合

目的　研究总鹿茸多肽(TVAP)及天然鹿茸多肽(nVAP)和合成鹿茸多肽(sVAP)对细胞增殖的影响。方法分离乳鼠表皮细胞和家兔肋软骨细胞,体外加入TVAP ,nVAP和sVAP ,观察其对[3H]TdR参入细胞DNA合成的影响。整体观察TVAP对大鼠实验性皮肤损伤的修复作用。结果　TVAP 0.8和3.2mg·g^-1 膏剂外涂对实验性大鼠皮肤损伤有加速修复作用。离体TVAP 5 - 50mg·L^-1 和nVAP 0.4 - 50mg·L^-1 均能促进大鼠表皮细胞有丝分裂,提示nVAP是TVAP中促进表皮细胞分裂和加速皮肤创伤愈合的主要活性多肽。sVAP对表皮细胞和成纤维细胞增殖有促进作用。结论　马鹿茸多肽通过促进表皮细胞和成纤维细胞增殖加速皮肤创伤愈合。     

Comparison of chemical compositions and osteoprotective effects of different sections of velvet antler

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Velvet antlers (VA) have been claimed for centuries to have numerous medical benefits including strengthen bones. To investigate and compare the anti-osteoporotic activities from different sections of VA.

Materials and methods

Fresh VA prepared from farmed sika deers (Cervus nippon) was divided into upper (VAU), middle (VAM), and basal (VAB) sections. The chemical constituents and anti-osteoporotic effect of different sections from VA were evaluated using ovariectomized rats.

Results

Levels of water-soluble extracts, diluted alcoholic extract, amino acids, testosterone, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1and testosterone plus estradiol significantly differed among the different sections. Levels of these constituents were significantly higher in the upper section than in the basal section. Moreover, levels of testosterone and IGF-1 of the VAM were also significantly higher than those of the VAB. Calcium level increased downward from the tip with statistical significance. The strength of vertebrae increased in all VA-treated groups compared to the control, but only treatment with VAU and VAM increased the strength of the femur and the microarchitecure of the trabecular bone. Alkaline phosphatase levels of VAU- and VAM-treated groups significantly decreased, but osteocalcin did not significantly change. Moreover, VAU and VAM dose-dependently increased proliferation and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells.

Conclusion

Our study provides strong evidence for the regional differences in the effectiveness of velvet antler in treating osteoporosis. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the bioactive chemical constituents associated with the anti-osteoporotic effects of velvet antler.     

Effect of deer velvet on sexual function in men and their partners: a double-blind,placebo-controlled study

The use of alternative medicines and herbal remedies is an increasing trend in Western societies. For years, people have taken products made of deer velvet for their alleged beneficial effects on sexual function. There has been no scientific investigation of the effects of deer velvet powder on the sexual functioning of human males. This study investigated sexual function in men during a 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of deer velvet. Thirty-two volunteer male participants, aged 45–65 years, and their partners, were randomly assigned to either the deer velvet or placebo study group. The males took capsules containing ground deer velvet or placebo everyday for 12 weeks. Two sexual function questionnaires (the International Index of Erectile Function and the Brief Index of Sexual Function for Women) used at pre- and posttreatment assessed changes in sexual functioning in males and their partners. Blood tests at baseline, and end of study, determined levels of sex-related hormones in male participants. There were no significant differences in the sexual behavior of the men taking deer velvet compared with the men taking placebo capsules. There were no significant hormone changes from baseline to the end of the study in either group of men. We conclude that in normal males there was no advantage in taking deer velvet to enhance sexual function. All alternative health products or nutritional supplements should be subjected to randomized placebo-controlled trials to determine efficacy.     

鹿茸多肽对微波辐射致小鼠卵巢次级卵泡发育损伤的保护作用

  目的：研究鹿茸多肽(VAP)对微波辐射所致小鼠卵巢次级卵泡发育损伤的保护作用及其机制  方法：将75只8周龄昆明种雌性小鼠,随机分为对照组、微波辐射组(MR组)、MR+低VAP组、MR+中VAP组、MR+高VAP组,每组15只。除对照组外,其余小鼠进行5 mW/cm²强度的微波辐射30天;然后MR+低VAP组、MR+中VAP组、MR+高VAP组腹腔注射VAP 30天,剂量分别为1.5 mg·kg-1·d-1、3 mg·kg-1·d-1和6 mg·kg-1·d-1。观察小鼠卵巢组织中次级卵泡的发育情况,TUNEL法检测小鼠次级卵泡中颗粒细胞的凋亡,免疫组织化学法检测小鼠次级卵泡颗粒细胞中凋亡抑制蛋白Bcl-2 和活化型促凋亡蛋白caspase-3的表达,ELISA法检测小鼠血清中雌激素水平  结果：与MR组比较,高浓度VAP显著提高了小鼠卵巢组织中次级卵泡的发育,改善其组织结构状态,显著减少次级卵泡颗粒细胞的凋亡和活化型促凋亡蛋白caspase-3的表达,升高次级卵泡颗粒细胞中凋亡抑制蛋白Bcl-2的表达和小鼠血清中的雌激素水平  结论：VAP可显著修复微波辐射引起的小鼠卵巢次级卵泡发育损伤,其修复机制可能与减少次级卵泡中颗粒细胞凋亡,促进卵泡雌激素合成和分泌有关。     

鹿茸主要活性成分防治骨质疏松症的分子机制研究

近年来,鹿茸在骨质疏松症方面的研究逐渐成为热点,现代药理学发现其具有多种活性成分,可以从促进成骨和抑制破骨两方面来防治骨质疏松。主要涉及的信号通路包括成骨相关的BMP/Smads、Wnt/β-catenin、MAPK、EGF/EGFR等信号通路以及破骨相关的OPG/RANKL/RANK、TLR4、Ca²⁺等信号通路。为给鹿茸的进一步实验研究及临床应用提供借鉴和思路,为开发新的骨质疏松症靶向治疗药物提供参考,笔者就近年来有关鹿茸防治骨质疏松症的研究进行了系统探讨,以期明确其确切机制。     

基于组织结构特征和蛋白质与钙含量比值的鹿茸分区研究

目的 建立客观鹿茸分区方法.方法 采集3种规格的鹿茸,分别为马鹿三杈茸、梅花鹿三杈茸和二杠茸.通过纵向剖面、横断面和组织学切片对鹿茸内部组织结构、形态特征和组织类型进行分析,确定鹿茸的感官分区指标.通过测定鹿茸不同区段成分上的差异,设立数据化的分区指标.结果 建立血管形态和骨密质环2个感官分区指标,蜡片:无肉眼可见血管...     

鹿茸多肽联合GDNF基因修饰的雪旺细胞对Aβ25-35诱导脊髓神经元凋亡的保护作用

目的：探讨鹿茸多肽（VAP）联合胶质细胞源性神经营养因子（GDNF）基因修饰的雪旺细胞（SCs）对β淀粉样蛋白25-35（Aβ_25-35）诱导的脊髓神经元凋亡的保护作用,阐明其作用机制。方法：制备胎鼠脊髓细胞,取对数生长期的脊髓神经元,采用Aβ_25-35诱导脊髓神经元凋亡,将脊髓神经元分为正常细胞组（正常脊髓神经元）、诱导凋亡组（Aβ_25-35诱导凋亡后的脊髓神经元）、SCs组（Aβ_25-35诱导凋亡后的脊髓神经元+SCs）、GDNF组（Aβ_25-35诱导凋亡后的脊髓神经元+GDNF）、SCs+GDNF组（Aβ_25-35诱导凋亡后的脊髓神经元+GDNF转染的SCs）和VAP联合组（Aβ_25-35诱导凋亡后的脊髓神经元+VAP联合GDNF转染的SCs）。流式细胞术检测各组脊髓神经元凋亡率,免疫组织化学染色检测各组脊髓神经元中caspase-3阳性细胞数。结果：胎鼠脊髓神经元悬液接种后初始脊髓神经元大多为圆形。流式细胞术检测,与诱导凋亡组比较,SCs组、GDNF组、SCs+GDNF组和VAP联合组脊髓神经元凋亡率降低（P<0.05）;与SCs+GDNF组比较,VAP联合组脊髓神经元凋亡率明显降低（P<0.05）。免疫组织化学检测,各组脊髓神经元中均有caspase-3表达,SCs组、GDNF组和SCs+GDNF组细胞着色差异不明显,脊髓神经元中caspase-3阳性细胞数差异不大,但与诱导凋亡组比较明显减少（P<0.05）。结论：VAP联合GDNF转染的SCs对脊髓神经元凋亡有保护作用,该作用通过下调脊髓神经元中caspase-3表达来实现。