Antimicrobial activities of some Thai traditional medical longevity formulations from plants and antibacterial compounds from Ficus foveolata

Context: Medicinal plants involved in traditional Thai longevity formulations are potential sources of antimicrobial compounds.

Objective: To evaluate the antimicrobial activities of some extracts from medicinal plants used in traditional Thai longevity formulations against some oral pathogens, including Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus mutans, and Candida albicans. An extract that possessed the strongest antimicrobial activity was fractionated to isolate and identify the active compounds.

Materials and methods: Methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of 25 medicinal plants used as Thai longevity formulations were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity using disc diffusion (5?mg/disc) and broth microdilution (1.2–2500?µg/mL) methods. The ethyl acetate extract of Ficus foveolata Wall. (Moraceae) stems that exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity was fractionated to isolate the active compounds by an antibacterial assay-guided isolation process.

Results and discussion: The ethyl acetate extract of F. foveolata showed the strongest antibacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of 19.5–39.0 and 39.0–156.2?µg/mL, respectively. On the basis of an antibacterial assay-guided isolation, seven antibacterial compounds, including 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone (1), syringaldehyde (2), sinapaldehyde (3), coniferaldehyde (4), 3β-hydroxystigmast-5-en-7-one (5), umbelliferone (6), and scopoletin (7), were purified. Among these isolated compounds, 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone (1) exhibited the strongest antibacterial activities against S. pyogenes, S. mitis, and S. mutans with MIC values of 7.8, 7.8, and 15.6?µg/mL, and MBC values of 7.8, 7.8, and 31.2?µg/mL, respectively. In addition, this is the first report of these antibacterial compounds in the stems of F. foveolata.     

7-羟基香豆素及6, 7-二羟基香豆素与 DNA的作用机理及构效关系研究

 目的: 研究7-羟基香豆素（umbelliferone, UMB）和6, 7-二羟基香豆素（aesculetin, AES）与小牛胸腺DNA的作用机制,探讨其构效关系。方法: 采用荧光光谱法研究UMB和AES与DNA的结合作用,并计算相关结合参数,利用紫外光谱、盐效应、I-猝灭、与单双链DNA作用、DNA热变性温度及黏度测定等方法确定UMB和AES与DNA的作用模式。结果: DNA对UMB和AES的荧光猝灭机制均为静态猝灭;UMB和AES与DNA的结合常数分别为2.13×104和5.27×102 L?mol-1,作用力主要是氢键和范德华力。结论: UMB和AES与DNA的作用方式均为沟槽作用。     

HPLC法测定雪隆胶囊中东莨菪素和伞形花内酯的含量

目的 测定雪隆胶囊中东莨菪内酯和伞型花内酯的含量.方法 采用高效液相色谱法,色谱柱为Phenomenex C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-四氢呋喃水溶液进行梯度洗脱,检测波长为346nm.结果 东莨菪内酯平均回收率为99.3%,RSD为0.81%,伞型花内酯的平均回收率为99.6%,RSD为1.03%.结论 本法简便、准确、精密度高、重现性好,可用于该制剂的质量控制.     

Antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of Egyptian moraceous plants against carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress and liver damage in rats

Context: In the absence of reliable liver-protective drugs in modern medicine, a large number of medicinal preparations are recommended for treatment of liver disorders.

Objective: The antioxidant, hepatoprotective and kidney protective activities of methanol extracts of Ficus carica Linn. (Moraceae) leaves and fruits and Morus alba Linn. root barks (Moraceae) are evaluated here.

Materials and methods: Liver and kidney damage were induced in rats by carbon tetrachloride in a subcutaneous dose of 1?mL (40% v/v in corn oil)/kg. The extract was given intraperitoneally at doses of 50?mg/kg (F. carica leaf and M. alba root bark) and 150?mg/kg (F. carica fruit). The activity of the extracts was comparable to that of silymarin, a known hepatoprotective agent. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by measuring blood glutathione (GSH) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities, and malondialdehyde equivalent (MDA). Hepatoprotective activity was evaluated by measuring serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, and total protein. These biochemical observations were supported by histopathological examination of liver sections. Kidney function was evaluated by measuring plasma urea and creatinine.

Results: Methanol extracts of Ficus carica and Morus alba showed potent antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities; in-depth chromatographic investigation of the most active extract (Ficus carica leaf extract) resulted in identification of umbelliferone, caffeic acid, quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, quercetin-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside, and kaempferol-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside.

Discussion and conclusion: These findings demonstrate that the phenolic constituents of Ficus carica leaf and Morus alba root bark are responsible at least in part for the observed protective effects.     

Within-Plant Distribution of Coumarins in Coronilla and Securigera Species

The within-plant distribution of the coumarin compounds was investigated in Coronilla (C. vaginalis Lam., C. scorpioides (L.) Koch, C. viminalis Salisb.) and Securigera (S. varia (L.) Lassen) species with regard to improving the extraction procedure allowing better furocoumarin recovery. The hydroxycoumarins umbelliferone, scopoletin, and daphnoretin, the dihydrofurocoumarin marmesin, and the furocoumarin psoralen were detected. The hydroxycoumarins umbelliferone, scopoletin, and daphnoretin were found in all investigated species although they were not present in all the different plant organs. The dihydrofurocoumarin marmesin, never previously detected in vivo in the genus Coronilla, occurs, only in the bound form, in leaves and roots of both C. scorpioides and C. vaginalis. Also in these two species the furocoumarin psoralen was detected in all the plant parts in both free and bound forms. On the contrary, the biosynthetic pathway of furocoumarin is not operative in C. viminalis and in S. varia. The preliminary acid hydrolysis of the plant material allowed psoralen recoveries substantially higher than the simple methanolic extraction, showing that in C. scorpioides and C. vaginalis the bulk of the psoralen occurs in the bound form. With regards to the total psoralen contents, C. scorpioides appears to be a better natural source of this furocoumarin.     

Antigenotoxic activities of the natural dietary coumarins umbelliferone,herniarin and 7-isopentenyloxy coumarin on human lymphocytes exposed to oxidative stress

Abstract

The antigenotoxic effects of umbelliferone (UMB), herniarin (HER) and 7-isopentenyloxy coumarin (7-IP), common natural dietary coumarins, were evaluated on the human lymphocyte DNA damage using single-cell gel electrophoresis. H₂O₂-induced DNA break was measured based on the percentage of DNA in tail, and the antigenotoxic effects of the tested compounds were compared with that of ascorbic acid (10, 25, 50, 100 and 200?μM). UMB, HER and 7-IP did not show any genotoxicity, as compared to phosphate-buffered saline. Treatment with UMB, HER and 7-IP led to a significant reduction in the percentage of DNA in tail induced by H₂O₂ (p?<?0.001) at all concentrations. The presence of prenyl moiety in the chemical structure of 7-IP may contribute to its better antigenotoxic property, compared to UMB. The results of this study showed that 7-IP possessed the best antigenotoxic activity among the tested compounds.     

紫花地丁的化学成分研究

目的研究紫花地丁Viola yedoensis干燥带根全草的化学成分。方法采用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱及半制备高效液相色谱法分离纯化;通过核磁共振等波谱数据分析鉴定化合物的结构。结果从紫花地丁全草95%乙醇提取物的石油醚和醋酸乙酯部位中共分离得到23个化合物,分别鉴定为pubinernoid A(1)、(2R,6R,9R)-2,9-二羟基-4-巨豆烯-3-酮(2)、3S,5R-二羟基-6R,7-巨豆二烯-9-酮(3)、去氢催吐萝芙醇(4)、布卢姆醇A(5)、布卢姆醇B(6)、齐墩果酸(7)、2α,3α-二羟基乌苏-12-烯-28-酸(8)、1α,2α,3β-三羟基齐墩-12-烯-28-酸(9)、2α,19α-二羟基乌苏酸(10)、3α-羟基木栓烷-2-酮(11)、7-oxopetrosterol(12)、3β-羟基-豆甾-5-烯-7-酮(13)、丁香脂素(14)、落叶松脂醇(15)、瑞香新素(16)、伞形花内酯(17)、对羟基桂皮酸甲酯(18)、对羟基苯丙酸(19)、对羟基苯甲醛(20)、对甲氧基苯甲醛(21)、对甲氧基苯甲酸(22)和5-羟甲基糠醛(23)。结论除化合物17为首次从该植物中分离得到外,其余化合物均为首次从堇菜属植物中分离得到。     

波罗蜜根酚性化学成分研究

目的研究桑科植物波罗蜜Artocarpus heterophyllus根酚性化学成分。方法运用ODS、MCI CHP-20P、Sephadex LH-20等柱色谱和高效液相色谱技术从波罗蜜根中分离化合物,并根据理化性质和NMR、MS波谱数据鉴定化合物结构。结果从波罗蜜根95%乙醇提取物中分离得到17个酚性化合物,分别鉴定为1-O-阿魏酰甘油(1)、hypargystilbene A(2)、氧化白藜芦醇(3)、2′,3,4′,5,5′-五羟基-顺式-均二苯代乙烯(4)、白藜芦醇(5)、2,4-二羟基苯甲酸乙酯(6)、原儿茶酸乙酯(7)、伞形花内酯(8)、8-(3,3-二甲基烯丙基)-6,7-二羟基香豆素(9)、桑查耳酮A(10)、桂木二氢黄素(11)、styracifolin C(12)、柘树黄酮C(13)、异叶波罗蜜素(14)、环异叶波罗蜜素(15)、artonin A(16)和artonin B(17)。结论化合物9为首次从天然产物中分离得到,化合物1、4和6为首次从桑科植物中分离得到,化合物8为首次从波罗蜜属植物中分离得到,化合物3、5、10、11、14和15为首次从波罗蜜中分离得到。     

不同干燥方式对祖师麻有效成分含量的影响

目的:比较不同干燥方式对祖师麻有效成分含量的影响。方法:采用HPLC测定祖师麻甲素和伞形花内酯、紫丁香苷含量,流动相均为乙腈-0.1%甲酸水(15∶85),检测波长依次为326,265 nm;利用UV测定总香豆素含量,检测波长326 nm。通过单因素试验考察自然晒干、自然阴干、烘箱干燥、真空干燥对祖师麻中祖师麻甲素、伞形花内酯、紫丁香苷和总香豆素含量的影响。结果:不同干燥方式对祖师麻甲素质量分数的影响顺序为真空干燥>80℃烘干>40℃烘干>50℃烘干>自然阴干>60℃烘干>105℃烘干>自然晒干,伞形花内酯为80℃烘干>自然阴干>真空干燥>105℃烘干>50℃烘干>60℃烘干>40℃烘干>自然晒干,紫丁香苷为40℃烘干>自然阴干>自然晒干>真空干燥≈50℃烘干>60℃烘干>80℃烘干>105℃烘干,总香豆素为真空干燥>自然阴干>50℃烘干>自然晒干>60℃烘干>80℃烘干>40℃烘干>105℃烘干。结论:真空干燥能最大程度地保存各有效成分,其次为自然阴干和50℃烘干。建议产地加工生产时采用自然阴干;若产地或饮片厂家条件允许,建议采用35℃真空干燥,其次选择50℃烘干。     

HPLC法测定中药了哥王中伞形花内酯的含量

目的建立测定了哥王中伞形花内酯(umbelliferone)含量的HPLC法。方法色谱柱:伊利特-C18柱(200 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相:甲醇-水-四氢呋喃-冰乙酸(体积比为20.0∶75.0∶5.0∶0.6),检测波长:324 nm,柱温:40℃,流速:1.0 mL.min-1。结果伞形花内酯质量浓度在0.6~24.0mg.L-1内线性关系良好(r=0.9998)。伞形花内酯的平均回收率为98.5%,RSD为1.9%。结论该方法适用于了哥王药材的质量控制。