曲安奈德PLGA微球对兔上腭部创面瘢痕形成影响的实验研究

目的:探讨曲安奈德PLGA微球对创面瘢痕愈合中瘢痕生成的抑制作用,研究局部应用曲安奈德的最佳给药途径。方法:3组共24只兔的上腭部创面模型,分别应用曲安奈德PLGA微球以及曲安奈德悬浊液,在瘢痕形成不同时间后切取瘢痕标本进行HE、VG染色及酶组织化学染色并电镜观察其组织形态学改变来分析曲安奈德不同给药途径的差异。结果:三组兔上腭创面愈合时间不同,表面颜色、质地不一样。电镜、常规染色以及免疫组织化学染色皆说明曲安奈德PLGA微球有明显的瘢痕抑制作用,且效果高于曲安奈德悬浊液。结论:曲安奈德PLGA微球能抑制瘢痕的增殖过程,使瘢痕组织纤维化过程明显减轻。合并手术一次性给药治疗瘢痕有很好的临床价值。     

Further studies on the chronotherapy of asthma with inhaled steroids: The effect of dosage timing on drug efficacy

Background: Chronotherapy studies with inhaled corticosteroids have shown optimal therapeutic benefit when steroids are administered four times per day (QID) or once daily at 3 PM.Objective: This study evaluated whether more convenient once-daily dosage times (8 AM and 5:30 PM) produce improvement in asthma equivalent to QID.Methods: Efficacy outcome measures included FEV₁, peak expiratory flow rates, bronchial responsiveness, use of β₂-agonists, nocturnal awakenings, and responses to a quality of life questionnaire. Systemic effects were blood eosinophil count, cortisol level, 24-hour urinary cortisol, and evaluation for oral candidiasis and dysphonia.Results: Baseline measurements for all three treatment groups were similar. For morning peak expiratory flow rate, significant improvement was seen for the QID group (p = 0.001) and the 5:30 PM group (p = 0.003), but not the 8 AM group (p = 0.75). For evening peak expiratory flow rate, significant improvement was seen for the QID group (p = 0.005) and the 5:30 PM group (p = 0.01), but not for the 8 AM group (p = 0.47). There were significant improvements in all other outcome variables for each group except PC₂₀. There was a significant improvement in PC₂₀ only in the QID group. The systemic effects of the three regimens were comparable.Conclusion: Dosing of inhaled steroid at 5:30 PM had no increased systemic effects and produced efficacy similar to QID dosing. Dosing at 8 AM did not produce results consistently comparable to QID dosing. Optimal once-daily dosing of inhaled steroid is between 3 PM and 5:30 PM.     

Effect of intranasal fluticasone propionate and triamcinolone acetonide on basal and dynamic measures of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal-axis activity in healthy volunteers

BACKGROUND : Most published studies show that intranasal corticosteroids have no effect on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, but there have been isolated reports to the contrary, contradicting accumulated knowledge on pharmacokinetics. OBJECTIVE : To re-evaluate the effect of fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray (FPANS) and triamcinolone acetonide (TAA) aqueous nasal spray on the HPA axis using an improved study design. METHODS : Twenty-three healthy volunteers were randomized in a double-blind, three-way crossover study. The study comprised a 4-day placebo run-in phase followed by three 4-day treatment periods (placebo, FPANS (200 microg once daily) or TAA aqueous nasal spray (220 microg once daily)), separated by 7-14 days washout intervals. Before the first, and on the last day of each treatment period, 12-h overnight urine was collected to assess cortisol excretion and cortisol creatinine ratio. Approximately 26 h after the last administration of study medication, volunteers underwent stimulation with 0.5 microg adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Serum cortisol concentrations were measured before and 20 and 30 min after injection. Blood and urine samples were analysed for cortisol by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS : Compared with placebo, EP or TAA had no significant effect on mean overnight (12 h) urinary cortisol excretion, and did not significantly suppress the overnight geometric mean urinary cortisol/creatinine excretion ratio. Values for serum cortisol before and after ACTH simulation showed no significant suppression, although there was a slight blunting of the HPA-axis response following TAA treatment. CONCLUSION : This study confirms that there are no detectable effects on the HPA axis following short-term intranasal FP or TAA at their recommended dosages.     

曲安奈德治疗增生性瘢痕的疗效观察

目的:观察曲安奈德对增生性瘢痕的治疗效果.方法:对63例增生性瘢痕患者采用曲安奈德瘢痕内注射进行治疗.结果:治愈:39例;有效:18例;无效:6例.结论:曲安奈德是治疗增生性瘢痕的有效药物.     

Safety & efficacy of single subconjunctival triamcinolone 5 mg depot vs topical loteprednol post cataract surgery: less drop cataract surgery

AIM: To do a randomized prospective interventional study for comparing the effects of a single subconjunctival triamcinolone acetonide (SCTA) injection to tapering topical loteprednol in patients undergoing phacoemulsification surgery under topical anesthesia. METHODS: A total of 400 patients were randomized into 2 groups; Group A (200 patients) received 5 mg SCTA at the end of surgery and topical ketorolac tromethamine (0.5%) with ofloxacin (0.3%) combination for 3wk. Group B (200 patients) received tapering topical loteprednol etabonate (0.5%) along with ofloxacin (0.3%) and ketorolac tromethamine (0.5%) for 3wk. Outcomes evaluated were intraocular pressure (IOP), anterior chamber cells/flare and macular oedema postoperatively at 1, 6 and 12wk. RESULTS: Baseline parameters were almost similar in both the groups. No statistical difference was seen between the preoperative and postoperative IOP values for Group A (P=0.82) and Group B (P=0.61) and postoperative IOP values in between both groups (P=0.14) at 1wk. Incidence of cells/flare postoperative was statistically not significant (P=0.82) in both groups at all follow up visits. Postoperative macular oedema was not observed at any follow up visit. CONCLUSION: SCTA appears to be an effective alternative to prolong postoperative topical steroid use.     

Bilateral Macular Edema: A New Ocular Feature of Dandy–Walker Syndrome

To describe a case of bilateral cystoid macular edema in a patient with Dandy–Walker syndrome. An 18-year-old male was referred to our tertiary referral center for evaluation of his decreased visual acuity. Detailed ophthalmic examination and imaging revealed the presence of bilateral cystoid macular edema, which was successfully treated with intravitreal triamcinolone injections (2 mg in 0.05 ml). Recurrence of macular edema developed after a period of approximately four months. This is an unusual ophthalmic manifestation of Dandy–Walker syndrome. Cystoid macular edema should be included in the differential diagnosis of subjects with Dandy–Walker syndrome presenting with decreased vision. The pathogenetic mechanism for the development macular edema in this case is not clear. Intravitreal triamcinolone is an effective treatment, but edema was recurrent in our case. Other approaches (such as oral Acetazolamide or intravitreal Anti-VEGF) have to be considered as well.     

Pharmacotherapy for treatment of retinal vein occlusion

Introduction: Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is a common vascular condition, which may cause blindness and impaired vision as a result of the development of macular oedema. The management of macular oedema due to RVO is complex and a multidisciplinary approach is required in order to limit disease progression and achieve a better clinical outcome.

Areas covered: An update and a brief review on the current treatment strategies were provided in patients with macular oedema following RVOs. Evidence available from prospective, multicentre clinical studies evaluating the use of VEGF inhibitors and steroids and from a selective literature search is reported.

Expert opinion: For many years, laser photocoagulation has been considered the standard of care for the treatment of branch RVO. However, new treatment modalities have been evaluated through randomised controlled trials. Recently, anti-VEGF agents and corticosteroids have been shown to be efficacious options in the treatment of RVO.     

Effectiveness of Conservative,Surgical, and Postsurgical Interventions for Trigger Finger,Dupuytren Disease,and De Quervain Disease: A Systematic Review

Objectives

To provide an evidence-based overview of the effectiveness of conservative and (post)surgical interventions for trigger finger, Dupuytren disease, and De Quervain disease.

糖尿病患者白内障术中前房注射曲安奈德的有效性和安全性

目的：观察糖尿病患者白内障术中前房内注射曲安奈德（ TA）的安全性和有效性。
　　方法：连续收集我院300例300眼择期行超声乳化白内障手术的2型糖尿病患者。根据术中及术后抗炎方式的不同,将患者随机分成3组：A组：术后滴用妥布霉素地塞米松滴眼液＋普拉洛芬滴眼液1 mo;B组：术中前房注射1 mg TA,术后滴用左氧氟沙星滴眼液1mo;C组：术中前房注射
　　2 mg TA,术后滴用左氧氟沙星滴眼液1 mo。术后不同时点观察和比较三组的视力、眼压、角膜内皮细胞密度、前房炎症反应和黄斑中央厚度的变化情况。
　　结果：所有手术均顺利进行。 B,C 组患者术后1d;1wk;1mo的最佳矫正视力均优于A组（P＜0．05）,术后1d;1wk的前房炎症反应较A组患者轻（P＜0．05）;C组术后1d眼压平均值高于A组,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;B和C组术后各时点的最佳矫正视力,前房炎症反应和平均眼压值均无明显差异（P＞0．05）。 B和C组术前术后黄斑中央厚度无显著变化,A组术后3wk;1mo的黄斑中心凹厚度较术前增加,差异显著（ P＜0．05）。三组各时间点角膜内皮细胞密度均无统计学差异。
　　结论：2型糖尿病患者白内障超声乳化术中前房注射TA可有效控制炎症并减轻黄斑水肿,加速视力恢复,具有良好的安全性和有效性。我们推荐的白内障超声乳化术中前房内注射TA的剂量为1 mg。