中西医结合治疗对单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎患者视力恢复及血清微量元素的影响

目的:探讨中西医结合治疗对单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎(HSK)患者视力恢复及血清微量元素的影响。方法:选取2015年1月至2016年10月内蒙古包钢医院收治的HSK患者86例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法随机分为对照组和观察组,每组43例。对照组采用更昔洛韦滴眼液及硫酸软骨素滴眼液治疗,观察组在对照组基础上结合清肝明目汤进行治疗,2组均连续治疗4周。比较2组患者临床疗效;比较治疗前后2组患者视力恢复状况、血清微量元素及泪液免疫因子水平。结果:治疗后,观察组治疗有效率显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后观察组患者视觉模拟评分及视力均显著高于治疗前与对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后观察组铁离子、钙离子及铜离子水平低于治疗前与对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);血清锌离子水平明显高于治疗前与对照组(P0.05),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后观察组患者泪液IgA、IgG及C3水平明显高于治疗前与对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:中西医结合治疗HSK有效促进患者视力的恢复,调节血清微量元素的同时增强患者泪液免疫因子水平,疗效显著优于单用西药治疗。     

In vivo epigenetic effects induced by engineered nanomaterials: A case study of copper oxide and laser printer-emitted engineered nanoparticles

Evidence continues to grow on potential environmental health hazards associated with engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). While the geno- and cytotoxic effects of ENMs have been investigated, their potential to target the epigenome remains largely unknown. The aim of this study is two-fold: 1) determining whether or not industry relevant ENMs can affect the epigenome in vivo and 2) validating a recently developed in vitro epigenetic screening platform for inhaled ENMs. Laser printer-emitted engineered nanoparticles (PEPs) released from nano-enabled toners during consumer use and copper oxide (CuO) were chosen since these particles induced significant epigenetic changes in a recent in vitro companion study. In this study, the epigenetic alterations in lung tissue, alveolar macrophages and peripheral blood from intratracheally instilled mice were evaluated. The methylation of global DNA and transposable elements (TEs), the expression of the DNA methylation machinery and TEs, in addition to general toxicological effects in the lung were assessed. CuO exhibited higher cell-damaging potential to the lung, while PEPs showed a greater ability to target the epigenome. Alterations in the methylation status of global DNA and TEs, and expression of TEs and DNA machinery in mouse lung were observed after exposure to CuO and PEPs. Additionally, epigenetic changes were detected in the peripheral blood after PEPs exposure. Altogether, CuO and PEPs can induce epigenetic alterations in a mouse experimental model, which in turn confirms that the recently developed in vitro epigenetic platform using macrophage and epithelial cell lines can be successfully utilized in the epigenetic screening of ENMs.     

基于证候要素的中风辨证论治

中风病是临床的常见病、多发病。本病病因较多,病情变化迅速,证型繁杂,不同的文献中证候分类差异较大。证候分类的繁杂给临床工作者治疗中风病带来极大不便。本文对以证候要素(内风、内火、痰湿、瘀血、气虚、阴虚)为切入点论治中风病的理论进行探讨,并举例论证其临床疗效。     

糖尿病前期中医证型及证素特点分析＊

目的 探讨糖尿病前期的中医证型及证素分布特点。方法 检索中国知网、万方及维普三大数据库中收录的自建库以来有关糖尿病前期证型的临床研究文献，对中医证型进行规范整理，建立数据库，提取证素，运用数据挖掘技术中的关联分析、聚类分析探究证素分布规律。结果 共纳入10篇文献，总有效病例1620例，证型经规范处理后整理为18个，主要证型为脾虚痰湿证。共提取证素13个，主要病位证素为脾，主要病性证素为气虚、湿和痰，关联分析显示脾—湿支持度和置信度最高，聚类分析结果可得到3个聚类组。结论 糖尿病前期病位在脾，气虚、脾、痰、湿是常见证素，临床诊治糖尿病前期应注重从脾论治，需辨证施治。     

90岁以上长寿老人听力与发中微量元素的观察

作者对30名90岁以上老人作纯音测听、高频测听和发中微量元素检测,与<60岁组人进行比较。结果:老年组纯音全频率听阈与对照组相比差异非常显著(P<0.01),高频测听,90岁组随着频率提高,听到耳数越来越少。并观察到90岁组发中锌、镁微量元素均低于<60岁组,两组间有显著差异(P<0.01)。对90岁组老人听力的特点,发中锌、镁微量元素含量减少对老年性耳聋的影响进行探讨。     

Neuropathology of ALS: Spheroids

I briefly review spheroids observed in the anterior horns of the spinal cord in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Spheroids are argentophilic bodies more than 20 μm in diameter. Recently, some connections between the proximal axonal swellings including spheroids and the perikarya have been reported in some ALS patients with a short clinical course or mild depletion of anterior horn neurons. Most of the cell bodies directly connected with the axonal swellings appear normal, and spheroids are considered to be one of the hallmarks of the early histological changes in this disorder. Spheroids are strongly positive with anti-phosphorylated neurofilament antibody, and are also positive with calcitonin gene-related peptide and anti-peripherin antibody. Some spheroids are immunostained with anti-synaptophysin antibody and anti-ubiquitin antibody. Spheroids are not immunostained with anti-phosphorylated tau antibody, or high molecular weight microtubule associated proteins. Electron microscopically, spheroids are usually composed of densely packed accumulation of 10 nm neurofilaments with a variety of orientations, plus vesicles, dense bodies and mitochondria. When the swellings of the initial segment is relatively pronounced, the undercoating is obscured and the neurofilaments become interwoven in some parts. In the first internode of the myelinated axons, as the swellings become larger, the neurofilaments lose their parallel orientation and become intermingled. Large accumulation of neurofilaments resembling spheroids in the perikarya of large anterior horn cells suggests that spheroids could be derived not only from the axon including the proximal portion, but also from the perikarya. Structures apparently identical to axonal spheroids are observed at the light and electron microscopic levels in the proximal portion of axons of anterior horn cells in animal models intoxicated with β, β'-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN), or with aluminum, in hereditary canine spinal muscular atrophy (HCSMA). The pathogenetic mechanism is probably associated with an impairment in slow axonal transport which particularly affects the neurofilaments in IDPN and aluminum intoxication. Impairment of slow axonal transport of neurofilaments also plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ALS. The average diameter of even normalappearing initial segment is larger in ALS than in the controls. The perikarya connected with the swollen proximal axons and their dendrites almost always appear normal. These findings suggest that the slow axonal transport of neurofilaments is probably impaired in this portion of the axon at an early stage in ALS as well as animal models for human ALS. However, techniques to analyze slow axonal transport in humans still remain tobe developed. Recently, overexpression of neurofilament subunits in transgenic mice produces a condition resembling ALS. The transgenic model may offer an interesting perspective not only for testing therapeutic strategies but also for investigating in a systematic way the various genetic and environment factors controlling the onset and progression of the disease and might yield new insights on the etiology of ALS.     

Neuronal regeneration after application of radiofrequency energy to collagenous tissue is affected by limb immobilization: an in vivo animal study.

Despite widespread use of radiofrequency (RF)-shrinkage, there have been no studies on the influence of RF-energy on neural elements of collagenous tissue. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of RF-shrinkage on neural structures of capsuloligamentous tissue and the recovery of neural elements under different postoperative treatment protocols. One patellar tendon of 46 New-Zealand-White rabbits was shrunk. Six rabbits were sacrificed immediately postoperative. Twenty rabbits were not immobilized, 10 were immobilized for 3 and 10 were immobilized for 6 weeks. A monoclonal antibody, specific against a neurofilament protein, was used to detect nerves and neural structures. Staining pattern of nerve fibres was significantly altered immediately postoperative. After 3 weeks the number of nerve fibres and bundles decreased significantly in immobilized and non-immobilized limbs. The loss of nerve fibres was significantly less in immobilized limbs. At 6 weeks the number of neural elements in immobilized limbs increased to the level of untreated control tissue. In non-immobilized limbs we found no recovery of neural elements 9 weeks postoperatively. At this time the number of nerve fibres and bundles was still significantly less compared to the untreated control limbs. RF-shrinkage causes significant alteration of neural elements. Under immobilization nerve fibres and bundles reach the level of normal untreated tissue. Careful rehabilitation is important after RF-shrinkage. Not only for biomechanical reasons, but also to allow the neural elements to recover, thermally modified tissue should be protected from normal physiologic loads.     

MR显微成像检测活体阿尔茨海默病转基因小鼠老年斑沉积的效果

目的利用MR显微成像技术研究阿尔茨海默病转基因小鼠老年斑的沉积情况。方法2只17个月龄阿尔茨海默病转基因[V717I]小鼠和2只野生型小鼠，行活体T2WI，然后对照影像定位结果进行组织学切片及免疫组织化学染色。观察T2WI中老年斑的沉积情况以及其与免疫组织化学染色结果的对应关系。结果转基因小鼠T2WI上显示大脑皮层和海马区可见点状低信号，且部分低信号可以和组织学切片所显示的老年斑相对应；野生型小鼠T2WI未见明显的低信号，免疫组织化学染色也未见到染色阳性的斑块。结论MR显微成像技术检测老年斑的沉积是可行的，且可用来特异性地诊断阿尔茨海默病。     

克氏螫虾与中国对虾微量元素与氨基酸含量的比较

对克氏螯虾和中国对虾的不同部位所含游离氨基酸和重要微量元素进行了比较。结果表明,克氏螯虾某些部位中游离氨基酸和微量元素的含量高于中国对虾。提示克氏螯虾可能具有与中国对虾相似的药用价值。     

新疆拜城县重病区与中病区内外环境无机元素含量的调查

本文于１９９３年４月调查了新疆拜城县重病区查尔齐农场中与中病区赛里木乡的饮水，土壤，粮食，学龄儿童头发中Ｚｎ，Ｃｕ，Ｍｎ，Ｃａ，Ｌｉ，Ｓｅ６种元素无机元素的含量。结果表明，重病区小麦中Ｃａ的含量显著高于中病区（Ｐ〈０．０５），重病区饮水及小麦中Ｍｎ的含量显著低于中病区（Ｐ〈０．０５）。这些结果揭示重病区查尔齐与中病区赛里木乡的病情相比较，除缺碘较为严重这一主要原因之外，高Ｃａ，低Ｍｎ也可能与查尔齐