透明质酸钠对SD大鼠致畸敏感期的毒性试验

目的：探讨透明质酸钠对SD大鼠致畸敏感期的毒性。方法：将妊娠期SD大鼠随机分为5个组,分别为3个透明质酸钠不同剂量试验组（1333、667和333mg/kg）、阴性对照组（去离子水）和阳性对照组（250mg/kg阿司匹林）,每组不少于12只。在大鼠致畸敏感期（妊娠第7～16天）,连续经口灌胃给予受试物10d,每天1次。妊娠第20天处死孕鼠,取出胎鼠,检测胚胎和胎仔发育指标,并检查外观、内脏和骨骼有无畸形。结果：透明质酸钠各剂量组孕鼠体质量、子宫连胎质量、活胎率、死胎率,胎鼠体质量、身长和尾长与阴性对照组相比较,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,也未见外观、内脏和骨骼畸形。结论：透明质酸钠在本试验剂量下,对SD大鼠无母体毒性和致畸毒性。     

朱砂的胚胎毒性研究

目的:观察朱砂在小鼠妊娠中晚期、妊娠前与妊娠全期给药对小鼠胚胎的影响.方法:分2批试验进行研究,分别为妊娠中晚期给药试验和妊娠前与妊娠全期给药试验.每批试验均采用ICR小鼠分成4组:对照组和朱砂0.08,0.4,4.0 g·kg~(-1)剂量组.妊娠中晚期于孕后第6天开始给药一直给药至孕后第19天(D6～D19);妊娠前及妊娠全期给药试验则于交配前14 d至妊娠后19 d持续给药.2批实验均于妊娠期第20天行剖腹产,称量胎鼠体重,记录胎鼠数目、吸收胎、死胎、活胎等,同时观察胎仔外观有无异常.将每窝的胎仔分成二部分,1/3进行Bouin染液固定及染色,用于器官检查;另2/3进行骨骼染色,用于骨骼观察.结果:小鼠妊娠后D6～D19灌胃给药时,朱砂3个剂量组对胚胎发育无显著影响,活胎数、死胎数和吸收胎数量均与对照组比较无显著差异.胎仔外观检查、内脏检查、骨骼检查均未见明显畸形.交配前14 d至妊娠后第19天持续灌胃给予朱砂0.4,4.0 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1),其流产率、吸收胎率较对照组稍高,但无显著性差异和剂量依赖关系.朱砂各剂量组的胎仔外观检查和内脏检查均未见明显异常.骨骼检查显示,朱砂可造成一定程度的骨骼畸形,其中0.4,4.0 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)剂量组骨骼畸形率较高,分别达到46.7%和77.8%.结论:妊娠中晚期用药对胚胎发育无显著影响,此时期胚胎对朱砂的敏感性较低;妊娠前以及妊娠早期使用朱砂(≥0.08 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1),相当于临床5倍量)可能对胎儿造成危害,并随剂量增大作用有增高趋势.     

柿叶提取物对SD大鼠的致畸作用研究

目的:考察柿叶提取物对SD大鼠致畸作用的影响。方法:SD孕鼠随机分为5组:柿叶提取物三个剂量组(0.6、1.8、3.84g/kg)、阴性对照组和阳性对照组,每组15～20只。各受试组均于受孕第7～16天(胚胎器官形成期)灌胃给予1.0ml/100g的柿叶提取物。受孕的0、7、12、16、20 d称量体重,在妊娠的第20天,颈椎脱臼处死,计数活胎数、死胎数和吸收胎数;观察胎仔外观、称量其体重后,将每窝1/2的活胎鼠乙醇固定、茜素红染色、甘油透明后检查骨骼发育情况。另1/2活胎仔经Bouins液固定后,检查内脏发育情况。结果:在实验剂量范围内,柿叶提取物各剂量组孕鼠体重、活胎数、吸收胎数及死胎数,胎鼠形成和胎鼠外观、骨骼及内脏生长发育与阴性对照组相比差异均无统计学意义。结论:该实验条件下未发现柿叶提取物(0.6～3.84 g/kg)对大鼠有胚胎毒性和致畸毒性。     

Insulin Induced Congenital Malformations In Rat

In the present experiment, hypoglycaemia was induced by injecting Insulin, in primigravida Charles Foster (CF strain) female rats during early pregnancy and teratogenic effects were studied in new born.On the 9th day of gestation, 20 I.U. of Insulin was injected intra peritoneally in the rats of study group (Average wt =200 gm). At the same time normal saline was injected in the pregnant rats of control group. Fetuses were collected on 20th day of gestation by laparotomy, and were examined by naked eye. Fetal mortality (7%) was observed in treated rats while itwas nil in control group. 48% newborn treated rats showed gross congenital malformations. There was significant growth retardation, cataract, exophthalmos, limb anomalies and haemorrhages over head region in treated fetuses.The present study revealed that the maternal hypoglycaemia even for a brief period, during early pregnancy, induces teratogenic effects ranging fetal mortality to gross malformations. Its implications in the human being.must be seriously taken in to account.