RETRACTED: Resibufogenin suppresses growth and metastasis through inducing caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis via ROS-mediated NF-κB suppression in non-small cell lung cancer

The purpose of this study is to explore the antitumor properties of resibufogenin (RB) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and elucidate its underlying mechanism. A549 and H520 cells were treated with various concentrations of RB with or without NLRP3 inhibitor (MCC950), caspase-1 inhibitor (VX765), or N-acetyl-l -cysteine (an ROS scavenger). Cell counting kit-8 and colony formation assays were conducted to determine cell viability. Cell invasion was detected by using the transwell assay. The release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was determined by the LDH detection assay. The protein expression levels of related genes were measured by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was detected by using a 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate ROS Assay Kit. The in vivo effects of RB were evaluated in a xenograft mouse model. RB treatment reduced cell viability and invasion in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, RB also enhanced pyroptosis levels in A549 and H520 cells, as indicated by the increased release of LDH and pyroptosis-related proteins. Interestingly, we also found that the antiproliferative and antimetastatic effects of RB were alleviated by the blockade of pyroptosis using NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950. Further study demonstrated that RB induced pyroptosis in a caspase-1-dependent manner, as evidenced by the finding that VX765 effectively reversed the effects of RB on A549 and H520 cells. We also found that RB could trigger caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis through ROS-mediated NF-κB suppression. In summary, our findings provide a potential antitumor agent and a novel insight into the mechanism of RB treatment of NSCLC.     

HPLC法测定蒡芩慢咽滴丸中酯蟾毒配基及华蟾酥毒基的含量

目的:建立用HPLC测定蒡芩慢咽滴丸中蟾酥内酯含量的方法。方法:采用十八烷基键合硅胶色谱柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),以乙腈-0.5%磷酸二氢钾溶液(用磷酸调pH值为3.2)(32∶68)为流动相,检测波长为296nm,柱温40℃。结果:酯蟾毒配基及华蟾酥毒基的线性范围分别为0.2～1.0μg(r=0.9997)及0.224～1.12μg(r=0.9996),平均回收率(n=6)分别为99.91%(RSD=0.7960%)和99.84%(RSD=1.0023%)。结论:该方法简单可靠。     

高效液相色谱法测定消炎解毒软膏中华蟾酥毒基和脂蟾毒配基的含量

目的建立消炎解毒软膏中华蟾酥毒基和脂蟾毒配基含量测定方法。方法采用HPLC法测定消炎解毒软膏中华蟾酥毒基和脂蟾毒配基的含量,色谱条件为Alltima C18：色谱柱（4.6mm×250mm,5μm）;流动相：水-乙腈（50∶50）,流速：1mL·min-1;检测波长：296nm;柱温：35℃。结果华蟾酥毒基的进样量在0.427～17.080μg峰面积积分值与进样量有良好的线性关系（r=0.9999）,平均回收率为98.3%,RSD为2.0%（n=6）;脂蟾毒配基的进样量在0.262～10.480μg峰面积积分值与进样量有良好的线性关系（r=0.9999）;平均回收率为98.9%,RSD为1.8%（n=6）。结论本方法简便、快速准确、灵敏度高、重现性好,可作为该制剂的含量测定方法。     

蟾酥通痹软膏的质量标准研究

目的:建立蟾酥通痹软膏(蟾酥、冰片、防己等)的质量标准。方法:采用TLC法对处方中的防己等进行定性鉴别;用HPLC法测定了华蟾酥毒基和脂蟾毒配基的含量。结果:在TLC图谱中可检出防己等药材的特征斑点;华蟾酥毒基在1.15μg~5.75μg之间线性关系良好,r=0.999 7,精密度实验RSD为1.05%,平均回收率为97.95%,(RSD=1.63%,n=5);脂蟾毒配基在1.05μg~5.25μg之间线性关系良好,r=0.999 6,精密度实验RSD为1.02%,平均回收率为97.45%,(RSD=0.61%,n=5)。结论:所采用方法准确、可靠,可行性及重复性良好,能有效控制该制剂的质量。     

HPLC法测定蟾皮中蟾毒配基类成分的含量

目的用HPLC法测定蟾皮中蟾蜍灵、脂蟾毒配基、华蟾蜍精等成分的含量。方法样品经乙醇室温浸渍提取,采用HPLC法测定。色谱柱为DiamonsilTMC18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-乙腈-水(体积比为4∶1∶5),流速为1.0 mL.min-1,检测波长为296 nm,柱温为40℃。结果蟾蜍灵、脂蟾毒配基和华蟾蜍精分别在0.0848~0.5088、0.0884~0.5304和0.2000~1.2000μg内与色谱峰面积线性关系良好,相关系数r分别为0.9999、0.9992和1.0000。蟾蜍灵、脂蟾毒配基和华蟾蜍精的平均回收率分别为99.3%、99.6%和99.0%,RSD分别为0.5%、0.2%和0.6%(n=9)。结论HPLC法可用于蟾皮中蟾蜍灵、脂蟾毒配基和华蟾蜍精的含量测定。     

干蟾皮中蟾毒内酯类成分的提取工艺研究

目的 探讨干蟾皮中蟾毒内酯类成分的最佳提取工艺.方法 通过正交试验法考察乙醇体积分数、乙醇用量、提取时间、提取次数对干蟾皮中蟾毒内酯类成分提取效果的影响,并以酯蟾毒配基和华蟾酥毒基的总量-总毒基量为考察指标,采用超高效高压液相色谱-紫外检测器检测.结果 最佳提取工艺为以10倍量80%乙醇提取2次,每次2 h.结论 所优选出的提取工艺方法可行、稳定、合理.     

高剂量脂布福吉宁对豚鼠心肌的电药理学作用

应用玻璃微电极记录心肌细胞的跨膜动作电位．研究脂布福吉宁（ＲＢＧ）对豚鼠心室肌的电药理学作用。结果表明；ＲＢＧ可使静息电位．动作电位振幅．动作电位时程．０相最大上升速率降低，并可诱发迟后去极化（ＤＡＤ）及触发性心律失常．产生的ＤＡＤ有快频率依赖性。ＲＢＧ的作用有剂量依赖性。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定梅花点舌丸中酯蟾毒配基、华蟾毒配基的含量

目的 :建立测定梅花点舌丸中酯蟾毒配基、华蟾毒配基的反相高效液相色谱法。方法 :采用KromasilC18 柱 ,流动相为乙腈∶0 5 %KH2PO4 溶液 (50∶50) ,检测波长为296nm。结果 :该方法线形关系良好 ,酯蟾毒配基的平均加样回收率为97 40 % ,RSD为2 2 % ;华蟾毒配基的平均加样回收率为97 78 % ,RSD为2 6 %。结论 :方法简便可靠 ,分离度较好 ,可用于梅花点舌丸的质量控制。     

Biotransformation of resibufogenin by Actinomucor elegans

Resibufogenin (RB), a major bioactive bufadienolide, has the potential anticancer activity. In the present work, biotransformation of RB by Actinomucor elegans AS 3.2778 yielded five products, namely 3-oxo-resibufogenin (1), 3-epi-resibufogenin (2), 3-epi-12-oxo-hydroxylresibufogenin (3), 3α-acetoxy-15α-hydroxylbufalin (4), and 3-epi-12α-hydroxylresibufogenin (5), respectively. Among them, metabolites 3 and 4 are previously unreported. The chemical structures of metabolites 1–5 were fully elucidated on the basis of 2D NMR and HR-MS. The highly stereo- and regio-specific isomerization, hydroxylation, and esterification reactions were observed in the biotransformation process of RB by A. elegans. Their cytotoxicities against A549 and H1299 cells were evaluated.     

Microbial transformation of resibufogenin by Curvularia lunata AS 3.4381

In this paper, the microbial transformation of resibufogenin (1) by Curvularia lunata AS 3.4381 was investigated, and four transformed products were isolated and characterized as 3-epi-resibufogenin (2), 12α-hydroxy-3-epi-resibufogenin (3), 12-oxo-16β-hydroxy-3-epi-resibufogenin (4), and 12β,15-epoxy-3-epi-bufalin-14,15-ene (5). Among them, 4 and 5 are new compounds, and isomerization, hydroxylation, and oxidation reactions in microbial transformation process were observed. Additionally, the cytotoxicities of transformed products (2–5) were also investigated.