胡黄连苷Ⅱ在大鼠脑缺血损伤中的抗氧化作用及其最佳治疗剂量和时间窗

目的通过正交试验优化胡黄连苷Ⅱ治疗大鼠脑缺血损伤的最佳剂量和时间窗。方法应用双侧颈总动脉结扎法建立大鼠前脑缺血模型,按照正交试验设计分组,经腹腔注射胡黄连苷Ⅱ干预治疗。应用硫代巴比妥酸法、硝酸还原酶法和光化学法,分别测定血清和脑组织中脂质过氧化物丙二醛(MDA)、一氧化氮(NO)和过氧化氢(H2O2)的含量。结果胡黄连苷Ⅱ治疗脑缺血损伤的最佳效果,根据血清MDA、NO和H2O2含量分析,分别为脑缺血1.5 h腹腔注射10、20、10 mg/kg体质量。根据脑组织MDA、NO和H2O2含量分析,分别为脑缺血1.5 h腹腔注射10、20、20 mg/kg体质量。结论从用药剂量最小化和治疗时间窗最大化的角度综合评价,胡黄连苷Ⅱ治疗脑缺血损伤的治疗时间窗和剂量最佳组合为脑缺血1.5 h腹腔注射10～20 mg/kg体质量。     

正交设计法优选西藏胡黄连提取工艺的实验研究

目的优选西藏胡黄连中有效成分胡黄连苷Ⅰ、Ⅱ的最佳提取工艺。方法以95%乙醇为提取溶剂,采用渗漉提取法,分别以胡黄连苷Ⅰ、Ⅱ的总含量为指标,正交设计考察药粉粒度、浸泡时间、溶剂用量及流速对胡黄连苷Ⅰ、Ⅱ提取的影响。结果最佳提取工艺为药材粉碎为65目,95%乙醇润透,浸泡12h,以15倍量95%乙醇1mL/min的流速进行渗漉提取。结论优选的最佳工艺稳定可靠,适用于西藏胡黄连中胡黄连苷Ⅰ、Ⅱ的提取,可供工业化生产参考。     

Recent advances in plant hepatoprotectives: a chemical and biological profile of some important leads

Medicinal plants have been traditionally used for treating liver diseases since centuries. Several leads from plant sources have been found as potential hepatoprotective agents with diverse chemical structures. Although, a big list of hepatoprotective phytomolecules was reported in the scientific literature, only a few were potent against various types of liver damages. Of which, silymarin, andrographolide, neoandrographolide, curcumin, picroside, kutkoside, phyllanthin, hypophyllanthin, and glycyrrhizin have largely attracted the scientific community. This review focuses discussion on the chemistry, biological activity, mode of action, toxicity, and future prospects of these leads.     

Picroside II Protects SH-SY5Y Cells From Autophagy and Apoptosis Following Oxygen Glucose Deprivation/Reoxygen Injury by Inhibiting JNK Signal Pathway

To explore the neuroprotective effect of picroside (Picr) II on C-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) signal pathway after oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygen (OGD/R) in SH-SY5Y cells. In vitro, SH-SY5Y cells were used to establish the OGD/R model, which was divided into the control group, model group, Picr group, and SP600125 (SP) group. Cellular viability was measured by CCK8. Cytotoxicity was assessed with LDH assay kit. Ad-GFP-mRFP-LC3 was used to monitor autophagosome and autolysosome. Apoptoic cells were detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis detection kit. The expressions of phospho-JNK and phospho-c-Jun were determined by western blot (WB) and immunofluorescence. The expressions of phospho-MKK4, phospho-Bcl-2, Bax, Beclin-1, and LC3 I/II were determined by WB. In the control group, only limited apoptosis and autophagy was observed, and the expression of associated proteins was very low. After OGD/R, the cellular viability of SH-SY5Y cells was reduced, whereas the cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and autophagy were increased, accompanied with an increase of phospho-MKK4, phospho-JNK, phospho-c-Jun, phospho-Bcl-2, LC3 II, Beclin-1, and Bax. During the reoxygen, treatment with Picr II or SP600125 could strengthen the cellular viability of SH-SY5Y cells, but repress the cytotoxicity, apoptosis, autophagy, and the expressions of associated protein. OGD/R could induce apoptosis and autophagy of SH-SY5Y cells by activating JNK signal pathway. Picr II could protect SH-SY5Y cells from autophagy and apoptosis following OGD/R by inhibiting JNK signal pathway. Anat Rec, 302:2245–2254, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy     

基于多指标综合评价胡黄连提取工艺研究

[目的]] 通过正交设计筛选胡黄连的提取工艺,优化出最佳工艺参数。[方法]以提取液中胡黄连苷Ⅰ、Ⅱ转移率及出膏率的加和进行综合评价,采用L₉(3⁴)正交实验优选最佳提取工艺。[结果]胡黄连最佳提取工艺为原药材最粗粉浸泡24 h,以每分钟1.5 mL的流速渗漉,收集16倍量的渗漉液。[结论]优选的胡黄连提取工艺合理可行,为实际生产提供参考。     

胡黄连苷Ⅱ对脑缺血再灌注大鼠神经损伤的保护作用研究

目的 研究胡黄连苷Ⅱ对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法 采用线栓法制作大鼠大脑中动脉闭塞再灌注（MCAO/R）模型,经尾静脉注射胡黄连苷Ⅱ10 、30 mg/kg,以银杏叶提取物注射液为阳性药。于缺血再灌注24 h后进行神经功能评分和提高躯体摆动实验 (EBST),观察病灶处病理学变化,测定脑匀浆上清超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、丙二醛（MDA）含量、还原型谷胱甘肽含量、一氧化氮合酶（NOS）活性等。结果 与模型组比较,胡黄连苷Ⅱ治疗组神经功能评分和对侧旋转次数水平降低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05或P<0.01）;病理学研究显示病灶处皮质神经元肿胀坏死有所减轻;脑匀浆上清SOD活性和GSH含量明显升高,MDA含量显著降低（P<0.01）;总NOS（T-NOS）、诱导型NOS（iNOS）、构建型NOS（cNOS）活性均明显降低,P<0.01或P<0.001。结论 胡黄连苷Ⅱ可保护MCAO/R模型大鼠神经功能,该作用与胡黄连苷Ⅱ提高模型大鼠脑组织的抗氧化能力、减少脑缺血再灌注所致的氧化性损伤有关。     

胡黄连苷Ⅱ治疗脑缺血/再灌注损伤剂量和时间窗的初步探讨

目的通过正交试验优化胡黄连苷Ⅱ治疗大鼠脑缺血/再灌注损伤的最佳剂量和时间窗。方法应用线栓法建立大鼠大脑中动脉闭塞(MCAO)模型,按照正交试验设计分组,经腹腔注射胡黄连苷Ⅱ干预治疗,Bedersons评分评价动物神经行为功能,氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC)染色观察脑梗死体积,免疫组织化学检测神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)和神经胶质细胞标志蛋白(S-100)表达。结果胡黄连苷Ⅱ治疗脑缺血/再灌注损伤的最佳效果,根据Bederson’s评分分析为脑缺血1.5 h给予20 mg.kg-1;根据脑梗死体积分析为脑缺血1.5 h给予20 mg.kg-1;根据NSE表达分析为脑缺血1.0 h给予20 mg.kg-1;根据S-100表达分析为脑缺血1.5 h给予20 mg.kg-1。结论从用药剂量最小化和治疗时间窗最大化的角度综合评价,胡黄连苷Ⅱ治疗脑缺血/再灌注损伤的治疗时间窗和剂量最佳组合为,脑缺血1.5 h腹腔注射20 mg.kg-1。     

胡黄连苷Ⅱ对CCl4致大鼠急性肝损伤的保肝利胆作用研究

目的 研究胡黄连苷Ⅱ对四氯化碳（CCl₄）诱导的大鼠急性肝损伤的保肝和利胆作用。方法 保肝作用和利胆作用研究各选取60只健康SD大鼠,均随机分为6组：对照组、模型组、溶剂对照组和胡黄连苷II低、中、高剂量（2.5、5.0、10.0 mg·kg^-1）组,除对照组外,其余5组大鼠分别1次性ip给予CCl₄油溶液（50%橄榄油、2 mL·kg^-1）制备急性肝损伤模型。保肝作用研究：在造模后3、24和48 h ig给药1次,对照组和模型组ig给予等体积生理盐水,溶剂对照组ig给予等体积溶剂,试剂盒法检测血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、总胆红素（TBIL）、总胆汁酸（TBA）、肿瘤坏死因子-α （TNF-α）、白细胞介素-8 （IL-8）及白细胞介素-6 （IL-6）水平和肝组织中丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽S转移酶（GST）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）水平; HE染色观察肝组织病理改变。利胆作用研究：大鼠造模12 h之后进行胆管插管,并通过十二指肠给药,给药前及给药后30、60、90及120 min分别记录胆汁流量。结果 与模型组比较,胡黄连苷II能显著降低血清中肝功能生化指标ALT、AST、ALP、TBA和TBIL水平（P<0.01）;显著降低大鼠肝脏MDA水平,并显著增加肝脏SOD、CAT、GSH、GST及GSH-Px水平（P<0.01）;显著降低血清TNF-α、IL-6及IL-8水平（P<0.01）,且呈剂量相关性。胡黄连苷II各剂量均可不同程度减轻模型大鼠肝脏病变范围与程度。与模型组比较,各给药后时间点胡黄连苷II均可显著增加胆汁流量（P<0.01）,且呈剂量相关性。结论 胡黄连苷II能显著缓解CCl₄诱导的大鼠急性肝损伤并增加胆汁流量。