胜利黄岛原油深度电脱盐的研究：Ⅰ.破乳剂组成的影响

根据胜利黄岛原油的性质，在筛选了几十种破乳剂的基础上，选择了酚醛树脂和环氧环烷，环氧乙烷的嵌段共聚物作破乳剂，探讨了破乳剂组成对原油脱水，脱盐以及界面张力的影响，通过静态脱盐，脱水试验，得到了适合黄岛原油的最佳破乳剂组成。     

Effects of a feed additive blend on broilers challenged with heat stress

ABSTRACT

We evaluated a blend of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA), organic acids, and a polyphenol antioxidant on gut integrity. Eighty Ross Broilers were exposed to 20–22°C (control – normothermic) or to 35–39.5°C (heat stress) for eight hours a day for a period of 1 or 5 days. Birds were fed a standard diet, or a diet supplemented with the test blend. Thereafter, birds were euthanized, and intestinal sections were excised for morphological, morphometric and gene expression analyses. Blood samples were collected for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) determination. Heart and liver tissues were used to quantify the expression of heat shock proteins 60 and 70 (HSP60 and HSP70, respectively) and inhibitor of kappa light chain gene enhancer in B cells alpha (IKBA). The jejunum was the most sensitive intestinal section, where heat stress modulated the expression of HSP70, of the inflammatory markers IKBA, interleukin 8 (IL-8), interferon gamma (IFNγ), and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Moreover, expression of tight junctions (CLDN1, ZO1 and ZO2) and nutrient transporters (PEPT1 and EAAT3) was modulated especially in the jejunum. In conclusion, the feed additive blend protected intestines during heat stress from the decrease in villus height and crypt depth, and from the increase in villus width. Especially in the jejunum, heat stress played an important role by modulating oxidative stress and inflammation, impairing gut integrity and nutrient transport, and such deleterious effects were alleviated by the feed additive blend.

RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS

• Jejunum is the most sensitive intestinal segment during heat stress.

• Heat stress affects the expression of tight junctions and nutrient transporters.

• Feed management helps to alleviate the disturbances caused by heat stress.

• A blend of MCFA, organic acids and a polyphenol protects broilers under heat stress.

     

Neuroprotective effects of Longxue Tongluo Capsule on ischemic stroke rats revealed by LC-MS/MS-based metabolomics approach

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect and explore the underlying mechanisms of Longxue Tongluo Capsule (LTC) on ischemic stroke rats. Methods: Twenty-six rats were randomly divided into four groups, including sham group, sham + LTC group, MCAO group, and MCAO + LTC group. Ischemic stroke rats were simulated by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), and LTC treatment group were orally administrated with 300 mg/kg of LTC once daily for seven consecutive days. LTC therapy was validated in terms of neurobehavioral abnormality evaluation, cerebral infarct area, and histological assessments. The plasma metabolome comparisons amongst different groups were conducted by UHPLC-Q Exactive MS in combination with subsequent multivariate statistical analysis, aiming to finding the molecules in respond to the surgery or LTC treatment. Results: Intragastric administration of LTC significantly decreased not only the neurobehavioral abnormality scores but also the cerebral infarct area of MCAO rats. The interstitial edema, atrophy, and pyknosis of glial and neuronal cells occurred in the infarcted area, core area, and marginal area of cerebral cortex were improved after LTC treatment. A total of 13 potential biomarkers were observed, and Youden index of 11 biomarkers such as LysoPC, SM, and PE were more than 0.7, which were involved in neuroprotective process. The correlation and pathway analysis showed that LTC was beneficial to ischemic stroke rats via regulating glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism, together with nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. Heatmap and ternary analysis indicated the synergistic effect of carbohydrates and lipids may be induced by flavonoid intake from LTC. Conclusion: The present study could provide evidence that metabolomics, as systematic approach, revealed its capacity to evaluate the holistic efficacy of TCM, and investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the clinical treatment of LTC on ischemic stroke.     

唐古特白刺果实酚酸类化学成分及α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性研究

目的 对蒺藜科白刺属植物唐古特白刺Nitraria tangutorum果实中酚酸类成分及α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性进行研究。方法 采用硅胶柱色谱、MCI色谱及半制备高效液相色谱法等技术对其进行分离纯化,结合NMR和MS等波谱学数据鉴定单体化合物结构,对化合物的蔗糖酶和麦芽糖酶抑制活性进行筛选,并对活性较好的化合物进行蔗糖酶和麦芽糖酶分子对接分析。结果 从唐古特白刺果实中分离得到11个化合物,分别鉴定为6’-O-对香豆酰基-α-槐糖（1）、6’-O-对香豆酰基-β-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1-2)-α-甘露糖（2）、4-羟基苯甲酸（3）、香草酸（4）、原儿茶酸甲酯（5）、对香豆酸（6）、咖啡酸（7）、6-O-对香豆酰基-D-半乳糖（8）、反式-4-O-β-D-吡喃喃葡糖基阿魏酸（9）、cynarin(10)、芍药苷（11）。化合物7对蔗糖酶和麦芽糖酶的半数抑制浓度（median inhibition concentration,IC50）值分别为809.1和768.5μmol/L,化合物10的IC50值分别为473.3和114.3μmol/L;分子对接显示化合物7对蔗糖酶和麦芽糖酶结合自由能分别为...     

比色法测定消癌平注射液中总酚酸的含量

目的　建立消癌平注射液中总酚酸的含量测定方法。方法　以绿原酸为对照品 ,比色法测定。结果　绿原酸回归方程为A =35 8.1 4×C - 5 .3879(r=0 .9993,n =9)。在 2 0 .5～ 32 8μg范围内呈线性关系 ,平均回收率为 1 0 0 .4 8% ,RSD =1 .70 %。结论　所用方法简便、准确、快速 ,可作为该制剂的定量方法     

冬凌草中酚酸类化学成分研究

 目的 研究冬凌草中的酚酸类化学成分。方法 新鲜冬凌草用70%丙酮水溶液组织破碎提取,然后用Diaion HP-20,Toyopearl HW-40,MCI Gel,Silica Gel色谱柱分离得到单体化合物,经波谱分析鉴定其化学结构。结果 得到了4个酚酸类化合物,分别是咖啡酸(Ⅰ),水杨酸(Ⅱ),迷迭香酸(Ⅲ),迷迭香酸甲酯(Ⅳ)。结论 除水杨酸外,其它3个化合物均为首次从冬凌草及其同属植物中分离得到。     

银可叶中本分酸类化合物的研究

 目的研究银杏(Ginkgo biloba-L.)叶中酚酸类化合物,为其提取物的质量控制提供依据。方法利用硅胶柱色谱和反相高效液相色谱进行分离,根据化合物的光谱数据鉴定其结构。〖HT5”H〗结果从银杏叶中分离得到4个酚酸类化合物(Ⅰ-Ⅳ),通过波谱分析,分别鉴定为：6-(13碳烷)-水杨酸(Ⅰ)、6-(8′Z-15碳烯)-水杨酸(Ⅱ)、6-(8′Z,11′Z-17碳二烯)-水杨酸(Ⅲ)和6-(10′Z-17碳烯)-水杨酸(Ⅳ)。〖HT5”H〗结论化合物Ⅲ为首次从银杏叶中获得。     

异地种植对PA型紫苏叶酚酸 黄酮类成分及挥发油的影响

目的 研究异地种植不同环境对紫苏醛（PA）型紫苏叶酚酸、黄酮和挥发油3类成分的影响。方法 将5份PA型紫苏种质分别在甘肃、北京和安徽的试验田以相同方法进行种植,检测野黄芩素-7-O-二葡萄糖醛酸苷、木犀草素-7-O-二葡萄糖醛酸苷、芹菜素-7-O-二葡萄糖醛酸苷、野黄芩素-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷、木犀草素-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷、芹菜素-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷、咖啡酸、迷迭香酸和挥发油含量。结果 通过实验数据分析发现,异地种植PA型紫苏叶的咖啡酸、木犀草素-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷、木犀草素-7-O-二葡萄糖醛酸苷、芹菜素-7-O-二葡萄糖醛酸苷及总黄酮含量差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。其中,甘肃地区种植的紫苏中木犀草素-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷、木犀草素-7-O-二葡萄糖醛酸苷、芹菜素-7-O-二葡萄糖醛酸苷、总黄酮、挥发油含量和紫苏醛含量最高,北京地区种植的紫苏中咖啡酸含量最高。结论 相较于北京、安徽的试验田,甘肃的试验田更适宜种植PA型紫苏。     

31种黄酮、酚酸类化合物和10种中药清除DPPH能力考察

目的:考察中药中黄酮、酚酸类成分清除DPPH自由基活性及构效关系,中药乙醇提取物清除DPPH自由基的活性及其与黄酮、酚酸类成分总量之间的关系.方法:以中药中常见的31种黄酮、酚酸类化合物和10种中药为研究对象,以DPPH法对上述41个样品的抗氧化活性进行评价,以高效液相色谱-库仑阵列检测技术检测黄酮及酚酸类化合物的氧化电位,以Folin-Ciocalteu法测定中药中黄酮和酚酸类成分的总量.结果:31种化合物清除DPPH自由基的能力有很大差别,其中以(-)-EGCg清除DPPH自由基的能力最强,其IC_(50)值为6.7μmol·L~(-1);氧化电位值50 mV;提取物中,茶叶提取物中总黄酮和酚酸类成分的含量最高,为82.9%(以芦丁计),清除DPPH自由基能力最强,IC_(50)值为0.012 g·L~(-1);红花醇提物总黄酮和酚酸类成分的含量最低,为7.01%(以芦丁计),其清除DPPH自由基能力最弱,其IC_(50)值为1.3 g·L~(-1).结论:黄酮、酚酸类成分清除DPPH自由基的能力与化合物中酚羟基的取代个数和位置有关;中药清除DPPH自由基能力(Y)与总黄酮和酚酸类成分含量(X)之间存在相关性,Y=7.779X~(-0.48),r=0.929 5,即总黄酮和酚酸类成分含量高,清除DPPH自由基能力强.     

Recent Advances in the Neuroprotective Properties of Ferulic Acid in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Narrative Review

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive degenerative disorder of the central nervous system, characterized by neuroinflammation, neurotransmitter deficits, and neurodegeneration, which finally leads to neuronal death. Emerging evidence highlighted that hyperglycemia and brain insulin resistance represent risk factors for AD development, thus suggesting the existence of an additional AD form, associated with glucose metabolism impairment, named type 3 diabetes. Owing to the limited pharmacological options, novel strategies, especially dietary approaches based on the consumption of polyphenols, have been addressed to prevent or, at least, slow down AD progression. Among polyphenols, ferulic acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid derivative, widely distributed in nature, especially in cereal bran and fruits, and known to be endowed with many bioactivities, especially antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic, thus suggesting it could be exploited as a possible novel neuroprotective strategy. Considering the importance of ferulic acid as a bioactive molecule and its widespread distribution in foods and medicinal plants, the aim of the present narrative review is to provide an overview on the existing preclinical and clinical evidence about the neuroprotective properties and mechanisms of action of ferulic acid, also focusing on its ability to modulate glucose homeostasis, in order to support a further therapeutic interest for AD and type 3 diabetes.