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1.
Kit Galvin Jen Krenz Marcy Harrington Pablo Palmández Richard A. Fenske 《Journal of agromedicine》2016,21(1):113-122
Development of the Practical Solutions for Pesticide Safety guide used participatory research strategies to identify and evaluate solutions that reduce pesticide exposures for workers and their families and to disseminate these solutions. Project principles were (1) workplace chemicals belong in the workplace, and (2) pesticide handlers and farm managers are experts, with direct knowledge of production practices. The project’s participatory methods were grounded in self-determination theory. Practical solutions were identified and evaluated based on five criteria: practicality, adaptability, health and safety, novelty, and regulatory compliance. Research activities that had more personal contact provided better outcomes. The Expert Working Group, composed of farm managers and pesticide handlers, was key to the identification of solutions, as were farm site visits. Audience participation, hands-on testing, and orchard field trials were particularly effective in the evaluation of potential solutions. Small work groups in a Regional Advisory Committee provided the best direction and guidance for a “user-friendly” translational document that provided evidence-based practical solutions. The “farmer to farmer” format of the guide was endorsed by both the Expert Working Group and the Regional Advisory Committee. Managers and pesticide handlers wanted to share their solutions in order to “help others stay safe,” and they appreciated attribution in the guide. The guide is now being used in educational programs across the region. The fundamental concept that farmers and farmworkers are innovators and experts in agricultural production was affirmed by this study. The success of this process demonstrates the value of participatory industrial hygiene in agriculture. 相似文献
2.
保守氨基酸残基在生物进化过程中具有较强的稳定性,一般不会发生太大的变化;生物信息学认为:氨基酸序列决定蛋白质结构,蛋白质结构决定蛋白质功能。因此,作者基于氨基酸的生化特性、几何特性和动态特性描述了一个新颖的算法去发现蛋白酶家族中的保守氨基酸残基,而保守氨基酸残基将对蛋白质的结构和功能的研究具有重要的意义。 相似文献
3.
目的:探讨气管切开与呼吸机机械通气抢救重度有机磷农药中毒(AOPP)致呼吸肌麻痹的疗效。方法:对6例重度AOPP致呼吸肌麻痹患者在综合治疗基础上,及时予气管切开,并使用全能呼吸机机械通气。结果:治愈5例,死亡1例。抢救成功率达83.3%。结论:对重度AOPP患者及时行气管切开,并使用全能呼吸机机械通气,抢救效果良好。 相似文献
4.
测定了马杜霉素渣中铅、砷、镉、铬的含量及对小白鼠的毒性和对鸡的抗球虫性能。试验结果:马杜霉素渣中铅含量1.05mg/kg,砷含量小于1.0mg/kg,镉含量1.2mg/kg,铬含量26mg/kg;马杜霉素渣对小白鼠的LD50为354.65mg/kg,比马杜霉素毒性大。马杜霉素渣的抗球虫指数为173~175.1,属中等强度抗球虫药。以上结果表明,马杜霉素渣可以作为抗球虫药应用,但应用时要防止中毒的发生。 相似文献
5.
将150只SD大鼠随机地分成Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ四个实验组和一个对照组(Ⅴ)。实验组敌枯双剂量分别为1.0,0.2,0.05及0.01mg/kg,均用去离子水配成相应浓度的染毒水,由动物自由摄取,对照组摄入去离子水。于实验第29.5,55周分两批处死。经组织病理学检查,结果发现:敌枯双可引起甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞萎缩甚至脱屑,其发生率(Ⅲ组为63.64%)与对照组(0%)比较差异有高度显著性(P<0.01);睾丸曲细精管各级生精细胞减少、萎缩甚至完全消失,其发生率(Ⅳ组为58.33%)与对照组(8.33%)比较差异有显著性(P<0.01);对心肌、肝组织也有不同程度的损伤. 相似文献
6.
M.E. Traina P. Ade G. Siepi E. Urbani M.G. Petrelli 《International journal of environmental health research》1994,4(1):38-47
Experimental studies suggest that large numbers of chemicals, environmental and industrial pollutants affect the male reproductive system. At present, almost no information is available on the effects of these adverse agents on human reproduction. Recent reports, however, suggest that in the past 50 years male fertility has declined based on qualitative and quantitative measurements of normal sperm. This study identifies‐among the active ingredients and solvents included in pesticide formulations registered in Italy‐the chemical agents with experimental evidence of male reproductive toxicity. Documents produced by international agencies and organizations such as IARC, EPA, WHO, and original papers from the international literature were systematically reviewed. The results indicate that several pesticide products notified in the Italian Registry contain active ingredients and/or solvents severely affecting testicular function and sperm morphology in laboratory animals. Therefore, exposure to reproductive toxicants occurring among manufacturers and users of pesticide formulations registered in Italy suggest further epidemiologic surveys should be conducted in this area. 相似文献
7.
有机磷农药中毒用纳络酮治疗的作用探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的 探讨纳络酮在治疗急性有机磷农药中毒的作用机制.方法 将急性有机磷农药中毒患者诊断及分析作一探讨.随机分为纳络酮治疗组和常规对照组.结果 纳络酮治疗组治愈率为97.5%,而对照组为84.6%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 急性有机磷农药中毒选用纳络酮可提高抢救成功率. 相似文献
8.
急性有机磷中毒患者血液流变学的变化及临床意义 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
目的:探索急性有机磷农药中毒(Acute Organophosphorus Pesticide Poisoning,AOPP)患者血液流变学的变化及临床意义。方法:根据患者入院时有机磷农药中毒程度,分为轻、中、重度中毒3组及健康对照组。对各中毒组第1、3、5、7d分别采取静脉血作血液流变学指标的动态观察。健康对照组门诊检测一次。结果:轻、中、重度中毒三组血液流变学各项指标随中毒的严重程度而变化显著。中毒初期,红细胞数(RBc)、血小板(PLT)、全血高切粘度、血浆粘度、红细胞聚集指数升高,红细胞变性能力降低,随病情好转,血液流变学各项指标逐渐恢复。结论:动态观察急性有机磷中毒患者血液流变学的变化对病情判断、指导治疗有一定临床意义。 相似文献
9.
目的 探讨低剂量混配农药对家兔脂质过氧化及一氧化氮(NO)浓度的影响及意义。方法 将家兔随机分为6个混配农药染毒组、1个丙溴磷染毒组和1个对照组,于不同的时间测定各组血清胆碱酯酶(ChE)活力、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力及一氧化氮(NO)浓度。结果 除较高剂量混配农药组外,其余各组染毒后的ChE活力均大于对照组实验前平均值的70%。随着染毒时间的延长农药混配组血浆GSH-Px活力高于或显著高于同时间的单剂量组和对照组,而血浆NO的浓度则呈降低趋势。结论 低剂量含有机磷的混配农药在导致ChE活力降低之前即可造成脂质过氧化增强和NO浓度的降低。 相似文献
10.
NOEL S. STURM ANN MARIE HUTZLER CLINTON S. DAVID BASSEM Y. AZIZEH DEV TRIVEDI VICTOR J. HRUBY 《Chemical biology & drug design》1997,49(4):293-299
We have designed and synthesized eight compounds 2-9 which incorporate neutral, hydrophobic amino acid residues in positions 9, 11 and 16 of the glucagon molecule: (2) [desHis1,Va19,11e11,16] glucagon amide, (3) [desHis1,Val9,11,16]glucagon amide, (4) [desHis1,Va19,Leu11,16]glucagon amide, (5) [desHis1,Nle9,11e11,16]glucagon amide, (6) [desHis1,Nle9,Val11,16]glucagon amide, (7) [desHis1,Nle9,Leu11,16]glucagon amide, (8) [desHis1,Val9,Leu11,16,Lys17,18,Glu21]glucagon amide and (9) [desHis1,Nle9,Leu11,16,Lys17,18,Glu21]glucagon amide. The effect of neutral, hydrophobic residues at positions 9, 11 and 16 led to good binding to the glucagon receptor. Compared to glucagon (IC50= 1.5 nM), analogues 2-9 were found to have IC50 values of 6.0, 6.0, 11.0, 9.0, 2.5, 2.8, 6.5 and 7.0 nM, respectively. When these compounds were tested for their ability to block adenylate cyclase (AC) activity, they were found to be antagonists having no stimulation of adenyl cyclase, with PA2, values of 6.15, 6.20, 6.30, 7.25, 6.10, 7.30, 6.25 and 7.25, respectively. © Munksgaard 1997. 相似文献