异地种植对PA型紫苏叶酚酸 黄酮类成分及挥发油的影响

目的 研究异地种植不同环境对紫苏醛（PA）型紫苏叶酚酸、黄酮和挥发油3类成分的影响。方法 将5份PA型紫苏种质分别在甘肃、北京和安徽的试验田以相同方法进行种植,检测野黄芩素-7-O-二葡萄糖醛酸苷、木犀草素-7-O-二葡萄糖醛酸苷、芹菜素-7-O-二葡萄糖醛酸苷、野黄芩素-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷、木犀草素-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷、芹菜素-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷、咖啡酸、迷迭香酸和挥发油含量。结果 通过实验数据分析发现,异地种植PA型紫苏叶的咖啡酸、木犀草素-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷、木犀草素-7-O-二葡萄糖醛酸苷、芹菜素-7-O-二葡萄糖醛酸苷及总黄酮含量差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。其中,甘肃地区种植的紫苏中木犀草素-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷、木犀草素-7-O-二葡萄糖醛酸苷、芹菜素-7-O-二葡萄糖醛酸苷、总黄酮、挥发油含量和紫苏醛含量最高,北京地区种植的紫苏中咖啡酸含量最高。结论 相较于北京、安徽的试验田,甘肃的试验田更适宜种植PA型紫苏。     

Perilla extract improves frequent urination in spontaneously hypertensive rats with enhancement of the urothelial presence and anti‐inflammatory effects

Objective

To investigate the effects of perilla extract on urinary symptoms in spontaneously hypertensive rats as a model of spontaneous overactive bladder.

Methods

Spontaneously hypertensive rats were randomly divided into two groups and fed either a control diet or a perilla extract‐containing diet. Cystometry, gene expression and histological analyses were carried out to evaluate the effects of perilla extract after 2‐week feeding of either the control or the perilla extract diet. The expression of inflammation‐related genes in the human urothelial cell line HT‐1376 and the normal human bladder epithelial cell was measured after the treatment with perillaldehyde, the main component of perilla extract, or perillic acid, the final metabolite of perillaldehyde.

Results

A significant 27% increase in the micturition interval and decreased expression of nerve growth factor, tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐1β and transient receptor potential V1 were observed in the perilla group compared with the control group. The level of uroplakin 3A was 40% higher in the perilla group than in the control group. The urothelium in the control group was thin or defective, but it was almost completely intact in the perilla group. Perillaldehyde and perillic acid suppressed the induction of nerve growth factor and tumor necrosis factor‐α by interleukin‐1β in HT‐1376 and normal human bladder epithelial cells.

Conclusions

The present findings suggest that perilla extract improves frequent urination, and this improvement seems to be mediated, at least in part, by enhancement of the urothelial presence and by the anti‐inflammatory effects of perilla.     

紫苏叶挥发油化学型和组分影响因素探究Ⅰ——不同生长发育期

该论文以普遍存在的PK型、PA型及稀有的PL型3种紫苏种质为研究对象。在紫苏生长的营养期、开花期、果熟期3个时期进行紫苏成熟叶样品采集,同时分为1 d之中早7点、午12点、晚18点3个时间点,对其挥发油进行了提取(水蒸汽蒸馏法)和GC-MS分析,3种化学型的样品挥发油得率在0.08%~0.96%,不同生长时期挥发油得率大致为营养期开花期落叶期,营养期挥发油得率:PA型PK型PL型。各化学型类别不受生长发育影响,表明遗传因素决定了化学型。PA和PK型的特征成分和主要成分相对含量都比较稳定,而PL型的特征成分随生长发育大幅度降低,组成中还存在大量各类成分代谢的上游化合物,表明该化学型可能具有原始性和多变性。PA型特征成分紫苏醛相对含量各个时期基本上从早到晚逐渐降低。PK型特征成分紫苏酮在营养期和开花期中午相对含量高于早晚样品,果熟期则相反。PL型特征成分紫苏烯相对含量在营养期和果熟期都是中午最高,开花期则是傍晚样品最高。综合挥发油得率和主要成分相对含量,PA型的最佳采收时间在营养期的早晨采收;PK型的最佳采收期在各期午前均可;PL型的最佳采收期在营养期的晚上采收最好。