A simple method for controlling the spatial positioning of mammalian cells and bacteria on substrates using patterned poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel microstructures is described. These microstructures were fabricated using photolithography on silicon, glass or poly (dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) surfaces modified with a 3-(trichlorosilyl) propyl methacrylate (TPM) monolayer. During the photogelation reaction, the resulting hydrogel microstructures were covalently bound to the substrate via the TPM monolayer and did not detached from the substrate upon hydration. For mammalian cell patterning, microwell arrays of different dimensions were fabricated. These microwells were composed of hydrophilic PEG hydrogel walls surrounding hydrophobic TPM floors inside the microwells. Murine 3T3 fibroblasts and transformed hepatocytes were shown to selectively adhere to the TPM monolayer inside the microwells, maintaining their viability, while adherent cells were not present on the hydrogel walls. The number of cells inside one microwell could be controled by changing the lateral dimension of the microwells, thus allowing only a single cell per microwell if desired. In the case of 30×30 m microwells, as many as 400 microwells were fabricated in 1 mm2. In addition, PEG hydrogel microstructures were also shown to effectively resist the adhesion of bacteria such as Escherichia coli. 相似文献
The current article describes the design and synthesis of a new series of phosphorus-containing fluoro-sulfonated polytriazoles through click polymerization. The synthesized copolytriazoles (PTPFDSH-70 to 90) with different degrees of sulfonation (DS) from 70% to 90% are structurally interpreted by various spectroscopic techniques (1H, 13C, and FTIR). The high molecular weight (weight average molecular weight as high as 77 500 g mol−1 with polydispersity index of 2.29) polymers exhibits excellent mechanical (elongation at break up to 95%), thermal (10% decomposition temperature: 266–317 °C), and oxidative (>14.5 h) stability. The PTPFDSH-70 to 90 possess outstanding water-holding ability in hydrated conditions (swelling ratio [in-plane]: 6.2–7.3% at 80 °C). The microstructural alterations by their thermal relaxations and transitions with increasing DS in the polymers have been thoroughly investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis. The atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscope images of the PTPFDSH-70 to 90 polymer membranes demonstrated the phase segregated interconnected ionic cluster-like morphology between hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains. The PTPFDSH-90 (DEB:PFAZ:DSAZ = 100:10:90) polymer membrane displays the proton conductivity (176 and 190 ms cm−1 at 80 and 90 °C, respectively) higher than Nafion117 under similar test conditions. 相似文献
Clarifying the influence of Nb and V microalloying on the ultra-high strength hot stamping steel (UHSHSS) and exploring appropriate process parameters are the basis for effectively regulating properties of the final product. In this study, the effects of different austenitizing temperatures and holding times on the phase transitions, grain sizes and mechanical properties of 22MnB5NbV with Nb and V alloyed are studied by using JMatPro thermodynamic calculations and experiments. By comparing with 22MnB5 without Nb and V alloyed, the effects of Nb and V elements on quenching microstructures, grain sizes and mechanical properties of UHSHSS are analyzed. The suitable austenitizing process parameters of 22MnB5NbV have been obtained. The results show that the grain size of Nb-V-alloyed UHSHSS grows with the increase in the austenitizing temperature and holding time. The 22MnB5NbV steel can be completely austenitized while the austenitizing temperatures ≥870 °C and holding time ≥3 min. Combined with the actual production process, the best austenitizing temperature and holding time are 930 °C and 3 min. Under these conditions, the average grain size is 7.7 μm, the tensile strength, elongation and strength-ductility product are 1570.8 MPa, 6.6% and 10.4 GPa·%, respectively. With the addition of Nb and V elements, the nanoscale precipitates lead to the refinement of the quenched structure and grain size, and the comprehensive properties of UHSHSS have been effectively promoted, in which the elongation and strong-plastic products are increased by ~0.6% and ~1.2 GPa·%, respectively. 相似文献
The increasing demand for the lightweight production of advanced high-strength steel puts forward higher requirements for the quality of welded joint forming. The common CMT welding process has certain limitations and is difficult to meet the needs of lightweight manufacturing. In this study, the CMT + P welding technology was used to weld the DP980 dual-phase steel plate with 1.2 mm thickness. The ER120S-G welding wire was used as the filling material to conduct a 70° angle lap welding experiment. The effects of wire feeding speed (3 m/min~5 m/min) and welding speed (350 mm/min~600 mm/min) on the forming, microstructures, and mechanical properties of DP980 dual-phase steel welded joints were analyzed. The results show that the CMT + P welding process can produce lap weldments with good formability and properties. The welded joints can be divided into the weld zone, the HAZ, and the base metal zone, where the HAZ can be divided into the coarse-grained zone and the softened zone. The role of the elements Ni and Si is to promote the production of martensite and to increase the ferrite strength in welded joints. As the wire feeding speed increases, the grain size of the coarse grain zone in the HAZ increases from 31.90 μm to 50.93 μm; while the welding speed increases, the grain size of the coarse grain zone decreases from 45.48 μm to 35.73 μm. The average microhardness of the weld zone is 420 HV. In contrast, the average microhardness of the softening zone in HAZ is reduced to 250 HV. When the wire feeding speed is 4 m/min and the welding speed is 550 mm/min, the tensile properties of the weldment are optimal, its tensile strength can reach 973 MPa, and the tensile fracture is ductile fracture. 相似文献
We describe a 24-year-old woman with a distinctive glomerular lesion. She presented with nephrotic syndrome and the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus was made on the basis of laboratory and clinical findings. Renal biopsy showed a bubbling appearance of the glomerular capillary wall indicating lupus nephritis class V. On an electron microscopy, the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) was irregularly thickened and contained abundant vesicular and microtubular bodies. In addition, there were many epithelial foot processes infolding into the GBM. A few small deposits were observed beneath the foot processes and around the vesicular and microtubular bodies. Although the clinicopathological significance of podocytic infolding has not been fully elucidated, it may be a novel morphological entity in the glomerulonephritides. 相似文献
Zr-2.5Cu and Zr-10Cu powder mixtures were consolidated in the extrusion process and using the spark plasma sintering technique. In these studies, material tests were carried out in the fields of phase composition, microstructure, hardness and tensile strength for Zr-Cu materials at room temperature (RT) and 400 °C. Fractography analysis of materials at room temperature and 400 °C was carried out. The research took into account the anisotropy of the materials obtained in the extrusion process. For the nonequilibrium SPS process, ZrCu2 and Cu10Zr7 intermetallic compounds formed in the material at sintering temperature. Extruded materials were composed mainly of α-Zr and ZrCu2. The presence of intermetallic compounds affected the reduction in the strength properties of the tested materials. The highest strength value of 205 MPa was obtained for the extruded Zr-2.5Cu, for which the samples were cut in the direction of extrusion. For materials with 10 wt.% copper, more participation of the intermetallic phase was formed, which lowered the mechanical properties of the obtained materials. In addition to brittle intermetallic phases, the materials were characterized by residual porosity, which also reduced the strength properties. 相似文献
The study assessed the effect of ion nitriding on the properties of the surface layer of Grade 5 titanium alloy used, among others, in medicine. Titanium and its alloys have low hardness and insufficient wear resistance in conditions of friction which limits the use of these materials. The improvement of these properties is only possible by the appropriate modification of the surface layer of these alloys. The ion nitriding process was carried out in a wide temperature range, i.e., 530–590 °C, and in the time range 5–17 h. Two variants of nitriding were applied: cathodic (conventional) nitriding and nitriding using the active screen method. The research results presented in this article allow for stating that each of the applied nitriding variants improves the analysed properties (nitrogen diffusion depth, hardness, wear resistance, microstructure analysis and surface topography) of the surface layers in relation to the material before nitriding. The hardness increased in every nitriding variant (the use of the additional active screen increased the hardness to 1021 HK0.025). The greatest increase in titanium abrasion resistance was found for surfaces after cathodic nitriding with an active screen. Each of the applied nitriding variants resulted in surface development. 相似文献
Summary: In this work, we employed various techniques to cooperatively characterize the crystalline structure and morphology of a regioregular poly(3‐dodecylthiophene). We observed the spherulites in casting films first by polarized light microscopy and then further studied the fine structures within the spherulites by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. These studies showed that the stripe‐like structures with a width of ≈20 nm and a length of 100–500 nm are the basic building blocks of the spherulites. The small‐angle X‐ray scattering and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction studies further confirm the existence of such the structures. Considering the stiff and unfolding feature of the macromolecules, we believe that the stiff macromolecules may adopt a special way to form the fine structure: the orientation of stiff macromolecules parallel to the longitudinal direction of the stripes without any chain folding.