批准用于奶牛的抗菌药物分析

我国奶牛养殖规模不断扩大,奶业产值比重逐步提高,给奶牛疫病防治带来巨大压力。奶牛乳房炎及细菌性肺炎等呼吸系统疾病和细菌性肠炎等消化系统疾病最为常见,抗菌药物的使用成为主要防治手段。但抗菌药物的不当使用易使细菌产生耐药性,增加临床治疗的成本和难度,危害我国奶牛产业发展。本文对截至2021年7月我国和美国、英国、日本、欧盟批准用于奶牛的抗菌药物产品进行整理、统计与分析,包括抗菌药物的分类、剂型以及适应证等,旨在为我国奶牛用抗菌药物管理、合理用药和新兽药开发提供参考。     

2009—2018年永靖县妇女乳腺疾病检出情况

目的:了解甘肃省永靖县妇女常见乳腺疾病类型及发生情况,为进一步深入研究和实施干预提供依据。方法:收集2009—2018年在永靖县妇幼保健院进行乳腺检查妇女的相关信息进行回顾性分析。结果:2009—2018年在永靖县妇幼保健院进行乳腺检查者6 265例,共检出乳腺疾病患者2 010例,其中乳腺炎218例,主要集中在40岁以下妇女;积乳269例,多为40岁以下妇女;乳腺导管扩张235例,主要见于25～54岁女性;有乳腺肿块者1 239例,多见于25～54岁妇女;乳腺淋巴炎30例,多为25～54岁女性;乳腺早期发育者19例,主要见于29岁以下女性。检出肿块并确诊为乳腺癌的患者共有75例,确诊率为6.05%,乳腺癌患者主要集中于刘家峡镇、太极镇和盐锅峡镇女性居民中。结论:永靖县妇女的各类乳腺疾病呈现年龄和区域的聚集性,应根据年龄变化和区域特点,确定高危人群和重点区域,做好乳腺相关知识的宣传教育工作,降低各类乳腺疾病的发生率,提高妇女的生活质量。     

浆细胞性乳腺炎1例治疗体会

目的:采用中药内服与外治相结合的方法治疗浆细胞性乳腺炎早期。方法:采用穿刺法抽出脓液,用甲硝唑注射液行脓腔冲洗,再配合中药内服。结果:患者疗效好、病程短。结论:在浆细胞性乳腺炎早期脓肿形成还未破溃时,采用中药内服与外治相结合的方法能很快缓解病情,防止疾病进一步发展,具有经济、有效、创伤小、防止乳房变形等优点。     

中西医结合治疗急性乳腺炎32例疗效观察

目的:探讨了中西医结合治疗急性乳腺炎的疗效。方法:回顾性分析了我院2009年1月～2011年12月收治急性乳腺炎64例患者的临床资料,随机分为对照组和观察组,对照组采用一般的治疗方法,观察组在对照组的基础上加用中药治疗。结果:治疗组32例中,有效29例,无效3例,有效率90.63%;对照组32例中,有效22例,无效10例,有效率为68.75%。治疗组明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论:中西医结合治疗能减轻疼痛、缩短病程、快速消除症状,使大多数患者避免手术切开引流,值得推广。     

Diabetic mastopathy

Diabetic mastopathy is the occurrence of lymphocytic mastitis and stromal fibrosis in men as well as women having long-standing diabetes. Clinical and radiological appearance can raise a suspicion of malignancy and result in unnecessary biopsy. As these lesions are known to recur; failure to recognise them can have devastating results. A case of diabetic mastopathy is therefore presented for the knowledge and benefit of all so that unnecessary surgery can be avoided.     

声触诊组织成像与定量技术对非哺乳期乳腺炎与乳腺癌的鉴别诊断价值

目的:探讨声触诊组织成像与定量技术(virtual touch tissue imaging quantification,VTIQ)在非哺乳期乳腺炎与乳腺癌鉴别诊断中的价值。方法:回顾性分析24例非哺乳期乳腺炎病例,并随机选取同期51例乳腺癌病灶,对两者的临床表现、超声图像、VTIQ数据进行比较分析。结果:非哺乳期乳腺炎和乳腺癌常规超声不易鉴别,但弹性剪切波速度模式图及剪切波速度(shear wave velocity,SWV)定量分析结果明显不同。非哺乳期乳腺炎病灶多表现为绿色图像,其中绿色19例,红色与黄红相间5例。乳腺癌病灶多表现为红色或黄红相间,其中红色与黄红相间45例,绿色6例,两者间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。乳腺癌病灶SWV_(max)、SWV_(mean)、SWV_(min)均大于非哺乳期乳腺炎病灶,两组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05);而两组间肿块周围正常组织差异无统计学意义。ROC曲线结果显示:SWV_(max)、SWV_(mean)、SWV_(min)曲线下面积分别为0.725、0.758、0.729。结论:常规超声联合VTIQ技术可提高非哺乳期乳腺炎与乳腺癌的鉴别诊断率。     

Effects of Jin-Ying-Tang on Staphylococcus aureus-induced mastitis in rabbit

The present study was performed to investigate the effects of Jin-Ying-Tang (JYT), a Chinese herbal formula containing Lonicera japonica, Herba taraxaci, Fructus trichosanthis, Fructus forsythia, Radix et rhizoma rhei, Astragalus membranaceus, Angelica sinensis, on rabbit mastitis induced by Staphylococcus aureus. Suckling rabbits were challenged with 1.5 × 10⁷ colony forming unit (CFU) of S. aureus at the base of the third pair teats, and they were treated and pretreated with JYT to detect the formula effects. The results showed that JYT could reduce the occurrence of Staphylococcal mastitis in rabbit model. To further investigate the action mechanism of JYT, we examined the leukocyte counts and inflammatory mediator levels such as TNF-α and IL-6 in blood and infected tissue. From histological study and blood analysis, we found that JYT could suppress leukocyte infiltration in infected mammary gland tissue and significantly inhibit the total leukocyte counts and lymphocytes (LYM), monocytes (MON) and granulocytes (GRA) fractions of leukocyte counts in blood. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results showed JYT significantly decreased the TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations in serum and mammary gland. The analysis of these data suggested that JYT effectively inhibited inflammatory responses to reduce the occurrence of mastitis in rabbit model.